Musée du Louvre (Louvre Museum) Breach Incident Score: Analysis & Impact (ETA5132551111025)

In this Rankiteo incident briefing, we review the Musée du Louvre (Louvre Museum) breach identified under incident ID ETA5132551111025.

The analysis begins with a detailed overview of Musée du Louvre (Louvre Museum)'s information like the linkedin page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/etablissement-public-du-musee-du-louvre, the number of followers: 1277, the industry type: Museums, Historical Sites, and Zoos and the number of employees: 27 employees

After the initial compromise, the video explains how Rankiteo's incident engine converts technical details into a normalized incident score. The incident score before the incident was 762 and after the incident was 748 with a difference of -14 which is could be a good indicator of the severity and impact of the incident.

In the next step of the video, we will analyze in more details the incident and the impact it had on Musée du Louvre (Louvre Museum) and their customers.

On 13 October 2023, Louvre Museum disclosed Security Audit Findings, Unauthorized Access Risk and Outdated Systems issues under the banner "Louvre Museum's Decade-Long Cybersecurity Failures Exposed in Security Audits".

A series of security audits conducted between 2014 and 2023 revealed severe cybersecurity vulnerabilities at the Louvre Museum, including weak passwords (e.g., 'LOUVRE' for video surveillance, 'THALES' for Thales software), outdated systems (Windows 2000, XP, Server 2003), and...

The disruption is felt across the environment, affecting Video surveillance server, Thales software platform and Access badge control system.

In response, and stakeholders are being briefed through No public comment; audits marked confidential.

The case underscores how Unclear (Louvre declined to comment; audits marked confidential), teams are taking away lessons such as Critical infrastructure like cultural institutions must prioritize cybersecurity hygiene, including: (1) Enforcing strong password policies and MFA, (2) Phasing out unsupported legacy systems, (3) Regular penetration testing and audit transparency, (4) Segmenting networks to limit lateral movement, and recommending next steps like Immediate patching/upgrade of outdated systems (Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003), Implementation of network segmentation and zero-trust principles and Mandatory multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all critical systems.

Finally, we try to match the incident with the MITRE ATT&CK framework to see if there is any correlation between the incident and the MITRE ATT&CK framework.

The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a knowledge base of techniques and sub-techniques that are used to describe the tactics and procedures of cyber adversaries. It is a powerful tool for understanding the threat landscape and for developing effective defense strategies.

Rankiteo's analysis has identified several MITRE ATT&CK tactics and techniques associated with this incident, each with varying levels of confidence based on available evidence. Under the Initial Access tactic, the analysis identified Valid Accounts: Default Accounts (T1078.001) with high confidence (95%), supported by evidence indicating trivial passwords like LOUVRE for video surveillance servers and THALES for critical software and External Remote Services (T1133) with moderate to high confidence (85%), supported by evidence indicating penetration testers easily exploited weak credentials to infiltrate systems. Under the Persistence tactic, the analysis identified Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Credentials (T1098.001) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating modifying employee permissions remotely via badge access controls. Under the Privilege Escalation tactic, the analysis identified Valid Accounts: Default Accounts (T1078.001) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating weak credentials ... enabling modification of employee permissions and Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating unsupported OS (Windows 2000, XP, Server 2003) leaving systems exposed to unpatched exploits. Under the Defense Evasion tactic, the analysis identified Valid Accounts: Default Accounts (T1078.001) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating trivial passwords ... used to bypass authentication, Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (T1562.001) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating compromised surveillance feeds or access systems could disable monitoring, and Indicator Removal: File Deletion (T1070.004) with moderate confidence (60%), supported by evidence indicating unsupported/outdated systems may lack logging or forensic trails. Under the Credential Access tactic, the analysis identified Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files (T1552.001) with high confidence (95%), supported by evidence indicating trivial passwords like LOUVRE and THALES stored in default configurations and OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory (T1003.001) with moderate confidence (65%), supported by evidence indicating unsupported OS (Windows 2000/XP) vulnerable to legacy credential-theft tools. Under the Lateral Movement tactic, the analysis identified Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol (T1021.001) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating lack of Network Segmentation enables movement across systems and Valid Accounts: Default Accounts (T1078.001) with moderate to high confidence (85%), supported by evidence indicating modifying employee permissions remotely suggests reuse of compromised credentials. Under the Impact tactic, the analysis identified Endpoint Denial of Service: Application Exhaustion Flood (T1499.004) with moderate confidence (60%), supported by evidence indicating compromised surveillance feeds could disrupt physical security operations, Data Destruction (T1485) with moderate confidence (50%), supported by evidence indicating potential for unauthorized access to internal data implies risk of tampering/deletion, and Account Access Removal (T1531) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating modifying employee permissions remotely could lock out legitimate users. Under the Collection tactic, the analysis identified Automated Collection (T1119) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating compromised surveillance feeds could enable automated data harvesting. Under the Exfiltration tactic, the analysis identified Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol: Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol (T1048.003) with moderate confidence (65%), supported by evidence indicating outdated systems may lack encryption for data transmission. These correlations help security teams understand the attack chain and develop appropriate defensive measures based on the observed tactics and techniques.