UNAIDS Highlights Digital Security Risks for HIV and LGBTQI Communities The UN’s HIV/AIDS programme (UNAIDS) has underscored the growing urgency of protecting digital privacy and access for marginalized groups, particularly as health services shift online. During the COVID-19 pandemic, disparities in digital access became starkly apparent while some clinics in Zimbabwe posted online guidance for HIV treatment, many patients lacked the data or devices to access it. In Kazakhstan, organizations had to assist clients in obtaining QR codes for health facility entry, revealing gaps in connectivity and digital literacy within vulnerable communities, including people living with HIV, LGBTQI individuals, sex workers, and drug users. Cyber threats have evolved from theoretical risks to real-world attacks. A 2025 survey of 21 LGBTI organizations across 17 countries found that most had experienced repeated cyberattacks, often with limited capacity to respond. Digital violence mirrors offline dangers, with offices and shelters also facing physical attacks. In regions where same-sex relationships remain criminalized despite global targets to reduce such laws data breaches can have life-threatening consequences. UNAIDS partners in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have reported fake dating profiles, unlawful surveillance, blackmail, and disinformation campaigns targeting activists. One Central Asian organization was forced to shut down after a hack exposed its office address and activist lists, leading to harassment and extortion. Emerging tools like chatbots offer low-cost outreach but introduce new risks. In Brazil, a chatbot for transgender youth has gained trust, yet even a simple query about HIV medication side effects could inadvertently reveal sensitive health status. Shared devices common in places like Kenya further heighten exposure, as browsing histories or notifications may disclose private information. Funding disparities exacerbate the problem. While well-resourced organizations can invest in secure software and AI tools, smaller groups often lack the means to maintain defenses. UNAIDS advocates for community-driven solutions, urging organizations to regularly assess risks, update security protocols, and allocate dedicated budgets for digital and physical safety. The shift to digital health services, while promising, demands systemic efforts to prevent technology from deepening existing inequalities.