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At Chase, we’re dedicated to helping you succeed. Whether you’re in need of banking, credit cards, mortgages, auto financing, investment guidance, small business support, or payment solutions, we’re beside you every step of the way. For customer service, contact us via chase.com/customerservice. See full social media terms and conditions at chase.com/socialterms. JPMorgan Chase is an Equal Opportunity Employer, including Disability/Veterans.

Chase A.I CyberSecurity Scoring

Chase

Company Details

Linkedin ID:

chase

Employees number:

34,537

Number of followers:

634,896

NAICS:

52

Industry Type:

Financial Services

Homepage:

chase.com

IP Addresses:

0

Company ID:

CHA_2732315

Scan Status:

In-progress

AI scoreChase Risk Score (AI oriented)

Between 750 and 799

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Chase Financial Services
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globalscoreChase Global Score (TPRM)

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Chase Financial Services
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Chase Company CyberSecurity News & History

Past Incidents
12
Attack Types
3
EntityTypeSeverityImpactSeenBlog DetailsSupply Chain SourceIncident DetailsView
ChaseBreach85411/2025NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: On November 7, 2025, Chase Affiliated Companies disclosed a data breach to the Texas Attorney General’s office, impacting 979 Texas residents. The exposed information included names and Social Security numbers (SSNs), both classified as personally identifiable information (PII). The breach significantly elevates the risk of identity theft for affected individuals, given the sensitivity of SSNs, which are prime targets for fraudulent activities such as loan applications, tax fraud, or unauthorized account openings.The company responded by issuing notifications via U.S. Mail to impacted individuals, detailing the compromised data and offering guidance on protective measures. However, no public information was provided regarding additional support, such as credit monitoring or identity theft protection services. The incident underscores the critical need for robust data security measures, particularly when handling high-value PII, as the exposure of such data can lead to long-term financial and reputational harm for victims.The breach’s scale affecting nearly a thousand individuals highlights systemic vulnerabilities in data protection, reinforcing concerns over how financial institutions safeguard sensitive customer information against evolving cyber threats.

ChaseBreach85410/2025Fried FrankFried Frank
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: Fried Frank Data Breach Exposes PII of 659 JPMorgan Clients A data breach at law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP has compromised the personal information of 659 JPMorgan Chase clients, including investors and associated individuals. The incident stemmed from a compromised user account that allowed an unauthorized third party to access and copy files from a shared network drive. The breach was discovered on October 27, 2025, with JPMorgan Chase notified on December 9, 2025. Exposed data included names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs, and contact details. Affected individuals spanned multiple states, with 37 in Massachusetts, two in New Hampshire, and one in Maine. Regulatory disclosures were filed with the Maine Attorney General, Massachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, and New Hampshire Attorney General on January 12, 2026. In response, JPMorgan Chase and Fried Frank conducted a joint review to assess the breach’s scope and bolster security measures. While JPMorgan’s systems remained uncompromised, the firm is offering affected clients two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks, including daily credit monitoring, identity theft resolution, and $1 million in insurance coverage. The incident highlights vulnerabilities in third-party legal service providers handling sensitive financial data.

ChaseRansomware1005/2025NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack threatening the organization’s existence

Description: In May 2025, an unnamed financial institution in Asia was targeted by Fog ransomware hackers. The attackers utilized legitimate employee monitoring software Syteca (formerly Ekran) and several open-source pen-testing tools, including GC2, Adaptix, and Stowaway. This tactic, described as 'living off the land,' allowed the attackers to operate more stealthily, reducing the likelihood of detection. The use of legitimate software in the attack chain was deemed highly unusual and reflects a shift in the tactics employed by Fog hackers.

ChaseVulnerability100512/2024FortinetFortinet
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack threatening the organization's existence

Description: Tenable Report Highlights Persistent Cloud Security Risks Despite Improvements A recent report by Tenable reveals both progress and ongoing vulnerabilities in cloud security, particularly around "toxic cloud trilogies" publicly exposed, critically vulnerable, and highly privileged cloud instances. Between October 2024 and March 2025, the number of organizations with at least one such instance on AWS or Google Cloud Platform (GCP) dropped from 38% to 29%, while those with five or more declined from 27% to 13%. Despite these improvements, Tenable warns that such exposures remain a pressing concern. The report also uncovered widespread exposure of sensitive data in cloud configurations. Researchers found that 54% of AWS Elastic Container Service (ECS) task definitions and 52% of Google CloudRun environment variables contained confidential information. Additionally, over a quarter of AWS users stored sensitive data in user data fields, with 3.5% of AWS EC2 instances holding secrets posing a significant risk if exploited. AWS hosted the highest proportion of sensitive data (16.7% of its buckets), compared to 6.5% for GCP and 3.2% for Microsoft Azure. While nearly 80% of AWS users have enabled critical identity-checking services, the findings underscore persistent misconfigurations and overconfidence in cloud security measures. The report, released at AWS re:Invent 2024 in Las Vegas, highlights the need for continued vigilance in securing cloud environments.

ChaseBreach10058/2021NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack threatening the organization's existence

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. on April 29, 2024. The breach occurred due to a software issue that allowed unauthorized access to plan participant information between August 26, 2021, and February 23, 2024, potentially affecting personal and financial information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

ChaseBreach10058/2021NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack threatening the organization’s existence

Description: On April 18, 2024, the Vermont Office of the Attorney General disclosed a data breach at J.P. Morgan, stemming from a software vulnerability discovered on February 26, 2024. The incident exposed sensitive personal and financial information of an unspecified number of individuals, including names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details. The breach posed a severe risk of identity theft, financial fraud, and unauthorized access to customer accounts, given the highly confidential nature of the compromised data. While the exact scale of the breach remains undisclosed, the exposure of such critical information particularly Social Security numbers and banking details heightens the potential for long-term reputational damage, regulatory scrutiny, and legal repercussions for the financial institution. The incident underscores vulnerabilities in J.P. Morgan’s digital infrastructure, raising concerns about the adequacy of its cybersecurity measures in safeguarding customer data against exploitation by malicious actors.

ChaseBreach8545/2021NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. experienced a data breach on May 24, 2021, affecting customer account information. The report was made on August 13, 2021, and notification letters detailed that personal and financial information may have been accidentally seen by another customer, although no indication of misuse of information was reported.

ChaseBreach8546/2018NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: On August 10, 2018, the California Office of the Attorney General reported that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. experienced a data breach on June 28, 2018. An employee improperly downloaded customer information, including names, addresses, mortgage loan numbers, and Social Security numbers, to a personal computer and online data storage sites, potentially exposing this data to third parties for about three weeks.

ChaseBreach85402/2018NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: Multiple Chase.com customers have reported logging in to their bank accounts, only to be presented with another customer’s bank account details. Chase has acknowledged the incident and stated that it was a glitch and not any hacking attempt. It was caused by an internal “glitch” Wednesday evening that did not involve any kind of hacking attempt or cyber attack.

ChaseBreach5027/2013NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack limited on finance or reputation

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on December 5, 2013. The specific date of the breach is unknown, but the incident was detected between mid-July and mid-September 2013, potentially compromising personal information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

ChaseBreach5028/2012NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack limited on finance or reputation

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on August 14, 2012. The breach occurred on August 2, 2012, due to improper data disposal of client names, account types and numbers, and taxpayer identification/social security numbers. The number of affected individuals is unknown.

ChaseBreach8541/2012NA
Rankiteo Explanation :
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on May 29, 2012. The breach occurred between January 21, 2012, and February 25, 2012, and compromised customer names, debit card numbers, and encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs).

Chase Affiliated Companies
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 11/2025
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: On November 7, 2025, Chase Affiliated Companies disclosed a data breach to the Texas Attorney General’s office, impacting 979 Texas residents. The exposed information included names and Social Security numbers (SSNs), both classified as personally identifiable information (PII). The breach significantly elevates the risk of identity theft for affected individuals, given the sensitivity of SSNs, which are prime targets for fraudulent activities such as loan applications, tax fraud, or unauthorized account openings.The company responded by issuing notifications via U.S. Mail to impacted individuals, detailing the compromised data and offering guidance on protective measures. However, no public information was provided regarding additional support, such as credit monitoring or identity theft protection services. The incident underscores the critical need for robust data security measures, particularly when handling high-value PII, as the exposure of such data can lead to long-term financial and reputational harm for victims.The breach’s scale affecting nearly a thousand individuals highlights systemic vulnerabilities in data protection, reinforcing concerns over how financial institutions safeguard sensitive customer information against evolving cyber threats.

JPMorgan Chase, Fried, Frank, Harris and Shriver & Jacobson LLP: 659 JPMorgan clients affected by data breach at Fried Frank
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 10/2025
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: Fried FrankFried Frank
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: Fried Frank Data Breach Exposes PII of 659 JPMorgan Clients A data breach at law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP has compromised the personal information of 659 JPMorgan Chase clients, including investors and associated individuals. The incident stemmed from a compromised user account that allowed an unauthorized third party to access and copy files from a shared network drive. The breach was discovered on October 27, 2025, with JPMorgan Chase notified on December 9, 2025. Exposed data included names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs, and contact details. Affected individuals spanned multiple states, with 37 in Massachusetts, two in New Hampshire, and one in Maine. Regulatory disclosures were filed with the Maine Attorney General, Massachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, and New Hampshire Attorney General on January 12, 2026. In response, JPMorgan Chase and Fried Frank conducted a joint review to assess the breach’s scope and bolster security measures. While JPMorgan’s systems remained uncompromised, the firm is offering affected clients two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks, including daily credit monitoring, identity theft resolution, and $1 million in insurance coverage. The incident highlights vulnerabilities in third-party legal service providers handling sensitive financial data.

Unnamed Financial Institution
Ransomware
Severity: 100
Impact:
Seen: 5/2025
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization’s existence

Description: In May 2025, an unnamed financial institution in Asia was targeted by Fog ransomware hackers. The attackers utilized legitimate employee monitoring software Syteca (formerly Ekran) and several open-source pen-testing tools, including GC2, Adaptix, and Stowaway. This tactic, described as 'living off the land,' allowed the attackers to operate more stealthily, reducing the likelihood of detection. The use of legitimate software in the attack chain was deemed highly unusual and reflects a shift in the tactics employed by Fog hackers.

Fortinet, Cisco, Amazon Web Services and JPMorgan Chase: Cloud storage buckets leaking secret data despite security improvements
Vulnerability
Severity: 100
Impact: 5
Seen: 12/2024
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: FortinetFortinet
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization's existence

Description: Tenable Report Highlights Persistent Cloud Security Risks Despite Improvements A recent report by Tenable reveals both progress and ongoing vulnerabilities in cloud security, particularly around "toxic cloud trilogies" publicly exposed, critically vulnerable, and highly privileged cloud instances. Between October 2024 and March 2025, the number of organizations with at least one such instance on AWS or Google Cloud Platform (GCP) dropped from 38% to 29%, while those with five or more declined from 27% to 13%. Despite these improvements, Tenable warns that such exposures remain a pressing concern. The report also uncovered widespread exposure of sensitive data in cloud configurations. Researchers found that 54% of AWS Elastic Container Service (ECS) task definitions and 52% of Google CloudRun environment variables contained confidential information. Additionally, over a quarter of AWS users stored sensitive data in user data fields, with 3.5% of AWS EC2 instances holding secrets posing a significant risk if exploited. AWS hosted the highest proportion of sensitive data (16.7% of its buckets), compared to 6.5% for GCP and 3.2% for Microsoft Azure. While nearly 80% of AWS users have enabled critical identity-checking services, the findings underscore persistent misconfigurations and overconfidence in cloud security measures. The report, released at AWS re:Invent 2024 in Las Vegas, highlights the need for continued vigilance in securing cloud environments.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Breach
Severity: 100
Impact: 5
Seen: 8/2021
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization's existence

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. on April 29, 2024. The breach occurred due to a software issue that allowed unauthorized access to plan participant information between August 26, 2021, and February 23, 2024, potentially affecting personal and financial information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

J.P. Morgan
Breach
Severity: 100
Impact: 5
Seen: 8/2021
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization’s existence

Description: On April 18, 2024, the Vermont Office of the Attorney General disclosed a data breach at J.P. Morgan, stemming from a software vulnerability discovered on February 26, 2024. The incident exposed sensitive personal and financial information of an unspecified number of individuals, including names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details. The breach posed a severe risk of identity theft, financial fraud, and unauthorized access to customer accounts, given the highly confidential nature of the compromised data. While the exact scale of the breach remains undisclosed, the exposure of such critical information particularly Social Security numbers and banking details heightens the potential for long-term reputational damage, regulatory scrutiny, and legal repercussions for the financial institution. The incident underscores vulnerabilities in J.P. Morgan’s digital infrastructure, raising concerns about the adequacy of its cybersecurity measures in safeguarding customer data against exploitation by malicious actors.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 5/2021
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. experienced a data breach on May 24, 2021, affecting customer account information. The report was made on August 13, 2021, and notification letters detailed that personal and financial information may have been accidentally seen by another customer, although no indication of misuse of information was reported.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 6/2018
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: On August 10, 2018, the California Office of the Attorney General reported that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. experienced a data breach on June 28, 2018. An employee improperly downloaded customer information, including names, addresses, mortgage loan numbers, and Social Security numbers, to a personal computer and online data storage sites, potentially exposing this data to third parties for about three weeks.

Chase
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 02/2018
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: Multiple Chase.com customers have reported logging in to their bank accounts, only to be presented with another customer’s bank account details. Chase has acknowledged the incident and stated that it was a glitch and not any hacking attempt. It was caused by an internal “glitch” Wednesday evening that did not involve any kind of hacking attempt or cyber attack.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Breach
Severity: 50
Impact: 2
Seen: 7/2013
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on December 5, 2013. The specific date of the breach is unknown, but the incident was detected between mid-July and mid-September 2013, potentially compromising personal information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

First Republic Bank
Breach
Severity: 50
Impact: 2
Seen: 8/2012
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on August 14, 2012. The breach occurred on August 2, 2012, due to improper data disposal of client names, account types and numbers, and taxpayer identification/social security numbers. The number of affected individuals is unknown.

First Republic Bank
Breach
Severity: 85
Impact: 4
Seen: 1/2012
Blog:
Supply Chain Source: NA
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on May 29, 2012. The breach occurred between January 21, 2012, and February 25, 2012, and compromised customer names, debit card numbers, and encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs).

Ailogo

Chase Company Scoring based on AI Models

Cyber Incidents Likelihood 3 - 6 - 9 months

🔒
Incident Predictions locked
Access Monitoring Plan

A.I Risk Score Likelihood 3 - 6 - 9 months

🔒
A.I. Risk Score Predictions locked
Access Monitoring Plan
statics

Underwriter Stats for Chase

Incidents vs Financial Services Industry Average (This Year)

No incidents recorded for Chase in 2026.

Incidents vs All-Companies Average (This Year)

No incidents recorded for Chase in 2026.

Incident Types Chase vs Financial Services Industry Avg (This Year)

No incidents recorded for Chase in 2026.

Incident History — Chase (X = Date, Y = Severity)

Chase cyber incidents detection timeline including parent company and subsidiaries

Chase Company Subsidiaries

SubsidiaryImage

At Chase, we’re dedicated to helping you succeed. Whether you’re in need of banking, credit cards, mortgages, auto financing, investment guidance, small business support, or payment solutions, we’re beside you every step of the way. For customer service, contact us via chase.com/customerservice. See full social media terms and conditions at chase.com/socialterms. JPMorgan Chase is an Equal Opportunity Employer, including Disability/Veterans.

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AI-powered scams: How you can help protect yourself

Fraudsters are now using AI to put a new, sophisticated spin on age-old scams, making personal and financial security more vital than ever.

December 01, 2025 08:00 AM
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November 24, 2025 08:00 AM
Hackers steal sensitive data from major banking industry vendor

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October 09, 2025 07:00 AM
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faq

Frequently Asked Questions

Explore insights on cybersecurity incidents, risk posture, and Rankiteo's assessments.

Chase CyberSecurity History Information

Official Website of Chase

The official website of Chase is http://www.chase.com.

Chase’s AI-Generated Cybersecurity Score

According to Rankiteo, Chase’s AI-generated cybersecurity score is 790, reflecting their Fair security posture.

How many security badges does Chase’ have ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase currently holds 0 security badges, indicating that no recognized compliance certifications are currently verified for the organization.

Has Chase been affected by any supply chain cyber incidents ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase has been affected by multiple supply chain cyber incidents. The affected supply chain sources and their corresponding incident IDs are:

  • Fried Frank (Incident ID: JPMFRI1768878048)
  • Fortinet (Incident ID: FORCISAMAJPM1767748297)
Does Chase have SOC 2 Type 1 certification ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase is not certified under SOC 2 Type 1.

Does Chase have SOC 2 Type 2 certification ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase does not hold a SOC 2 Type 2 certification.

Does Chase comply with GDPR ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase is not listed as GDPR compliant.

Does Chase have PCI DSS certification ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase does not currently maintain PCI DSS compliance.

Does Chase comply with HIPAA ?

According to Rankiteo, Chase is not compliant with HIPAA regulations.

Does Chase have ISO 27001 certification ?

According to Rankiteo,Chase is not certified under ISO 27001, indicating the absence of a formally recognized information security management framework.

Industry Classification of Chase

Chase operates primarily in the Financial Services industry.

Number of Employees at Chase

Chase employs approximately 34,537 people worldwide.

Subsidiaries Owned by Chase

Chase presently has no subsidiaries across any sectors.

Chase’s LinkedIn Followers

Chase’s official LinkedIn profile has approximately 634,896 followers.

NAICS Classification of Chase

Chase is classified under the NAICS code 52, which corresponds to Finance and Insurance.

Chase’s Presence on Crunchbase

No, Chase does not have a profile on Crunchbase.

Chase’s Presence on LinkedIn

Yes, Chase maintains an official LinkedIn profile, which is actively utilized for branding and talent engagement, which can be accessed here: https://www.linkedin.com/company/chase.

Cybersecurity Incidents Involving Chase

As of January 21, 2026, Rankiteo reports that Chase has experienced 12 cybersecurity incidents.

Number of Peer and Competitor Companies

Chase has an estimated 30,814 peer or competitor companies worldwide.

What types of cybersecurity incidents have occurred at Chase ?

Incident Types: The types of cybersecurity incidents that have occurred include Ransomware, Vulnerability and Breach.

How does Chase detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents ?

Detection and Response: The company detects and responds to cybersecurity incidents through an third party assistance with symantec researchers, and incident response plan activated with likely (notifications sent to affected individuals), and communication strategy with notifications sent via u.s. mail to affected individuals with breach details and protective guidance, and enhanced monitoring with enabled identity-checking service (80%+ of aws users), and remediation measures with joint review to assess breach scope and bolster security measures, and recovery measures with offering two years of free credit monitoring through experian identityworks, and communication strategy with regulatory disclosures filed with maine, massachusetts, and new hampshire authorities..

Incident Details

Can you provide details on each incident ?

Incident : Data Exposure

Title: Chase.com Account Information Mix-Up

Description: Multiple Chase.com customers reported logging in to their bank accounts and seeing another customer’s bank account details. Chase acknowledged the incident and stated that it was caused by an internal glitch and not any hacking attempt.

Type: Data Exposure

Vulnerability Exploited: Internal Glitch

Incident : Ransomware

Title: Fog Ransomware Attack on Financial Institution

Description: Fog ransomware hackers used legitimate employee monitoring software Syteca and several open-source pen-testing tools alongside usual encryption to attack an unnamed financial institution in Asia.

Date Detected: May 2025

Type: Ransomware

Attack Vector: Legitimate software and open-source pen-testing tools

Threat Actor: Fog Ransomware Hackers

Motivation: Financial Gain

Incident : Data Breach

Title: JPMorgan Chase Data Breach

Description: An employee improperly downloaded customer information, including names, addresses, mortgage loan numbers, and Social Security numbers, to a personal computer and online data storage sites, potentially exposing this data to third parties for about three weeks.

Date Detected: 2018-08-10

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2018-08-10

Type: Data Breach

Attack Vector: Insider Threat

Vulnerability Exploited: Human Error

Threat Actor: Employee

Incident : Data Breach

Title: First Republic Bank Data Breach

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on August 14, 2012. The breach occurred on August 2, 2012, due to improper data disposal of client names, account types and numbers, and taxpayer identification/social security numbers. The number of affected individuals is unknown.

Date Detected: 2012-08-02

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2012-08-14

Type: Data Breach

Attack Vector: Improper Data Disposal

Vulnerability Exploited: Improper Data Disposal

Incident : Data Breach

Title: JPMorgan Chase Bank Data Breach

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. experienced a data breach on May 24, 2021, affecting customer account information. The report was made on August 13, 2021, and notification letters detailed that personal and financial information may have been accidentally seen by another customer, although no indication of misuse of information was reported.

Date Detected: 2021-05-24

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2021-08-13

Type: Data Breach

Incident : Data Breach

Title: Data Breach at J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Description: A data breach occurred due to a software issue that allowed unauthorized access to plan participant information, potentially affecting personal and financial information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

Date Detected: 2024-04-29

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2024-04-29

Type: Data Breach

Attack Vector: Software Issue

Vulnerability Exploited: Unauthorized Access

Incident : Data Breach

Title: JPMorgan Chase Bank Data Breach

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on December 5, 2013. The specific date of the breach is unknown, but the incident was detected between mid-July and mid-September 2013, potentially compromising personal information such as names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details.

Date Detected: mid-July to mid-September 2013

Date Publicly Disclosed: December 5, 2013

Type: Data Breach

Incident : Data Breach

Title: First Republic Bank Data Breach

Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving First Republic Bank on May 29, 2012. The breach occurred between January 21, 2012, and February 25, 2012, and compromised customer names, debit card numbers, and encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs).

Date Detected: 2012-05-29

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2012-05-29

Type: Data Breach

Incident : Data Breach

Title: J.P. Morgan Data Breach Due to Software Issue (2024)

Description: The Vermont Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving J.P. Morgan that occurred due to a software issue on February 26, 2024, potentially affecting personal and financial information, including names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and bank account details of an unknown number of individuals.

Date Detected: 2024-02-26

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2024-04-18

Type: Data Breach

Vulnerability Exploited: Software Issue

Incident : Data Breach

Title: Data Breach at Chase Affiliated Companies Affecting Texas Residents

Description: On Nov. 7, 2025, a data breach involving Chase Affiliated Companies was disclosed to the Texas Attorney General’s office. The breach impacted 979 residents of Texas, exposing names and Social Security numbers (PII). The exposure of such sensitive data increases the risk of identity theft for those affected. Chase Affiliated Companies notified impacted individuals via U.S. Mail, providing details about the breach and guidance on protective measures.

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2025-11-07

Type: Data Breach

Incident : Data Exposure

Title: Toxic Cloud Trilogies: Publicly Exposed, Critically Vulnerable, and Highly Privileged Cloud Buckets

Description: Tenable’s report highlights serious risks facing cloud storage users, including publicly exposed, critically vulnerable, and highly privileged cloud buckets (termed 'toxic cloud trilogies'). Researchers found sensitive data leaks in AWS and GCP cloud buckets, including Elastic Container Service task definitions, CloudRun environment variables, and user data. Despite improvements, 29% of organizations still had at least one toxic cloud trilogy, with 7% having 10 or more. AWS hosted more sensitive data (16.7%) than GCP (6.5%) or Azure (3.2%).

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2025-03-05

Type: Data Exposure

Attack Vector: Misconfigured Cloud Storage

Vulnerability Exploited: Publicly exposed cloud buckets with critical vulnerabilities and highly privileged data

Incident : Data Breach

Title: Fried Frank Data Breach Exposes PII of 659 JPMorgan Clients

Description: A data breach at law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP has compromised the personal information of 659 JPMorgan Chase clients, including investors and associated individuals. The incident stemmed from a compromised user account that allowed an unauthorized third party to access and copy files from a shared network drive.

Date Detected: 2025-10-27

Date Publicly Disclosed: 2026-01-12

Type: Data Breach

Attack Vector: Compromised User Account

Vulnerability Exploited: Unauthorized access to shared network drive

What are the most common types of attacks the company has faced ?

Common Attack Types: The most common types of attacks the company has faced is Breach.

How does the company identify the attack vectors used in incidents ?

Identification of Attack Vectors: The company identifies the attack vectors used in incidents through Compromised user account.

Impact of the Incidents

What was the impact of each incident ?

Incident : Data Exposure CHA10418622

Data Compromised: Customer bank account details

Systems Affected: Chase.com

Incident : Data Breach JPM357072525

Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Mortgage loan numbers, Social security numbers

Incident : Data Breach FIR145072625

Data Compromised: Client names, Account types and numbers, Taxpayer identification/social security numbers

Incident : Data Breach JPM351072625

Data Compromised: Personal information, Financial information

Incident : Data Breach JPM404072625

Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Social security numbers, Bank account details

Incident : Data Breach JPM108072925

Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Social security numbers, Bank account details

Incident : Data Breach FIR234080425

Data Compromised: Customer names, Debit card numbers, Encrypted personal identification numbers (pins)

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Social security numbers, Bank account details

Identity Theft Risk: Potential

Payment Information Risk: Potential

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Data Compromised: Names, Social security numbers

Brand Reputation Impact: Potential reputational damage due to exposure of sensitive PII

Identity Theft Risk: High (due to exposure of Social Security numbers)

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Data Compromised: Sensitive data, including confidential and restricted information

Systems Affected: AWS S3 BucketsGCP Cloud StorageAWS Elastic Container ServiceGoogle CloudRunAWS EC2 User Data

Operational Impact: Potential cascade of exploitative activity by attackers accessing exposed secrets

Brand Reputation Impact: High (due to sensitive data exposure)

Identity Theft Risk: High (due to exposure of personally identifiable information)

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Data Compromised: Names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs, and contact details

Systems Affected: Shared network drive

Brand Reputation Impact: High

Identity Theft Risk: High

What types of data are most commonly compromised in incidents ?

Commonly Compromised Data Types: The types of data most commonly compromised in incidents are Customer Bank Account Details, Names, Addresses, Mortgage Loan Numbers, Social Security Numbers, , Client Names, Account Types And Numbers, Taxpayer Identification/Social Security Numbers, , Personal Information, Financial Information, , Personal Information, Financial Information, , Names, Addresses, Social Security Numbers, Bank Account Details, , Customer Names, Debit Card Numbers, Encrypted Personal Identification Numbers (Pins), , Personal Information, Financial Information, , Personally Identifiable Information (Pii), , Secrets, Confidential Data, Restricted Data, Personally Identifiable Information, and Personally Identifiable Information (PII).

Which entities were affected by each incident ?

Incident : Data Exposure CHA10418622

Entity Name: Chase

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Finance

Location: Asia

Incident : Data Breach JPM357072525

Entity Name: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Location: California

Incident : Data Breach FIR145072625

Entity Name: First Republic Bank

Entity Type: Bank

Industry: Financial Services

Location: California

Incident : Data Breach JPM351072625

Entity Name: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Incident : Data Breach JPM404072625

Entity Name: J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Incident : Data Breach JPM108072925

Entity Name: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Location: California

Incident : Data Breach FIR234080425

Entity Name: First Republic Bank

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Location: California

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Entity Name: J.P. Morgan

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking/Financial Services

Location: United States

Customers Affected: Unknown

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Entity Name: Chase Affiliated Companies

Entity Type: Financial Services

Industry: Banking/Financial

Location: Texas, USA (impacted residents)

Customers Affected: 979

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Entity Name: AWS Users

Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider Customers

Industry: Various

Location: Global

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Entity Name: GCP Users

Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider Customers

Industry: Various

Location: Global

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Entity Name: Microsoft Azure Users

Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider Customers

Industry: Various

Location: Global

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Entity Name: Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

Entity Type: Law Firm

Industry: Legal Services

Location: United States

Customers Affected: 659 JPMorgan Chase clients

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Entity Name: JPMorgan Chase

Entity Type: Financial Institution

Industry: Banking

Location: United States

Customers Affected: 659 clients

Response to the Incidents

What measures were taken in response to each incident ?

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Third Party Assistance: Symantec researchers

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Incident Response Plan Activated: Likely (notifications sent to affected individuals)

Communication Strategy: Notifications sent via U.S. Mail to affected individuals with breach details and protective guidance

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Enhanced Monitoring: Enabled identity-checking service (80%+ of AWS users)

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Remediation Measures: Joint review to assess breach scope and bolster security measures

Recovery Measures: Offering two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks

Communication Strategy: Regulatory disclosures filed with Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire authorities

What is the company's incident response plan?

Incident Response Plan: The company's incident response plan is described as Likely (notifications sent to affected individuals).

How does the company involve third-party assistance in incident response ?

Third-Party Assistance: The company involves third-party assistance in incident response through Symantec researchers.

Data Breach Information

What type of data was compromised in each breach ?

Incident : Data Exposure CHA10418622

Type of Data Compromised: Customer Bank Account Details

Incident : Data Breach JPM357072525

Type of Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Mortgage loan numbers, Social security numbers

Sensitivity of Data: High

Incident : Data Breach FIR145072625

Type of Data Compromised: Client names, Account types and numbers, Taxpayer identification/social security numbers

Sensitivity of Data: High

Incident : Data Breach JPM351072625

Type of Data Compromised: Personal information, Financial information

Incident : Data Breach JPM404072625

Type of Data Compromised: Personal information, Financial information

Sensitivity of Data: High

Personally Identifiable Information: namesaddressesSocial Security numbers

Incident : Data Breach JPM108072925

Type of Data Compromised: Names, Addresses, Social security numbers, Bank account details

Sensitivity of Data: High

Incident : Data Breach FIR234080425

Type of Data Compromised: Customer names, Debit card numbers, Encrypted personal identification numbers (pins)

Data Encryption: encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs)

Personally Identifiable Information: customer names

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Type of Data Compromised: Personal information, Financial information

Number of Records Exposed: Unknown

Sensitivity of Data: High

Personally Identifiable Information: namesaddressesSocial Security numbers

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Type of Data Compromised: Personally identifiable information (pii)

Number of Records Exposed: 979

Sensitivity of Data: High (includes Social Security numbers)

Personally Identifiable Information: NamesSocial Security numbers

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Type of Data Compromised: Secrets, Confidential data, Restricted data, Personally identifiable information

Sensitivity of Data: High (confidential/restricted)

Personally Identifiable Information: Yes

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Type of Data Compromised: Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

Number of Records Exposed: 659

Sensitivity of Data: High

Data Exfiltration: Yes

Personally Identifiable Information: Names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs, contact details

What measures does the company take to prevent data exfiltration ?

Prevention of Data Exfiltration: The company takes the following measures to prevent data exfiltration: Joint review to assess breach scope and bolster security measures.

Ransomware Information

Was ransomware involved in any of the incidents ?

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Ransomware Strain: Fog

Data Encryption: True

How does the company recover data encrypted by ransomware ?

Data Recovery from Ransomware: The company recovers data encrypted by ransomware through Offering two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks.

Regulatory Compliance

Were there any regulatory violations and fines imposed for each incident ?

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Regulatory Notifications: Vermont Office of the Attorney General

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Regulatory Notifications: Disclosed to the Texas Attorney General’s office

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Regulatory Notifications: Maine Attorney GeneralMassachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs and Business RegulationNew Hampshire Attorney General

Lessons Learned and Recommendations

What lessons were learned from each incident ?

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Lessons Learned: Expect the use of ordinary and legitimate corporate software as the norm in ransomware attacks.

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Lessons Learned: Organizations must prioritize secure cloud configurations, regularly audit cloud storage settings, and avoid storing sensitive data in publicly accessible or misconfigured buckets. AWS, GCP, and Azure users should enable identity-checking services and monitor for exposed secrets.

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Lessons Learned: Highlights vulnerabilities in third-party legal service providers handling sensitive financial data

What recommendations were made to prevent future incidents ?

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Recommendations: Affected individuals should monitor their credit reports and financial accounts for suspicious activity., Consider placing a fraud alert or credit freeze on credit files., Be cautious of phishing attempts or scams targeting exposed PII.Affected individuals should monitor their credit reports and financial accounts for suspicious activity., Consider placing a fraud alert or credit freeze on credit files., Be cautious of phishing attempts or scams targeting exposed PII.Affected individuals should monitor their credit reports and financial accounts for suspicious activity., Consider placing a fraud alert or credit freeze on credit files., Be cautious of phishing attempts or scams targeting exposed PII.

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Recommendations: Conduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables, Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurationsConduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables, Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurationsConduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables, Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurationsConduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables, Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurationsConduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables, Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurations

What are the key lessons learned from past incidents ?

Key Lessons Learned: The key lessons learned from past incidents are Expect the use of ordinary and legitimate corporate software as the norm in ransomware attacks.Organizations must prioritize secure cloud configurations, regularly audit cloud storage settings, and avoid storing sensitive data in publicly accessible or misconfigured buckets. AWS, GCP, and Azure users should enable identity-checking services and monitor for exposed secrets.Highlights vulnerabilities in third-party legal service providers handling sensitive financial data.

What recommendations has the company implemented to improve cybersecurity ?

Implemented Recommendations: The company has implemented the following recommendations to improve cybersecurity: Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurations, Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables and Conduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations.

References

Where can I find more information about each incident ?

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Source: Symantec researchers

Incident : Data Breach JPM357072525

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2018-08-10

Incident : Data Breach FIR145072625

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2012-08-14

Incident : Data Breach JPM351072625

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2021-08-13

Incident : Data Breach JPM404072625

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2024-04-29

Incident : Data Breach JPM108072925

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: December 5, 2013

Incident : Data Breach FIR234080425

Source: California Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2012-05-29

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Source: Vermont Office of the Attorney General

Date Accessed: 2024-04-18

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Source: Texas Attorney General’s data breach portal

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Source: Tenable Report on Toxic Cloud Trilogies

Date Accessed: 2025-03-05

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Source: Cybersecurity Dive

Date Accessed: 2025-03-05

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Source: Regulatory filings

Where can stakeholders find additional resources on cybersecurity best practices ?

Additional Resources: Stakeholders can find additional resources on cybersecurity best practices at and Source: Symantec researchers, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2018-08-10, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2012-08-14, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2021-08-13, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2024-04-29, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: December 5, 2013, and Source: California Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2012-05-29, and Source: Vermont Office of the Attorney GeneralDate Accessed: 2024-04-18, and Source: Texas Attorney General’s data breach portal, and Source: Tenable Report on Toxic Cloud TrilogiesDate Accessed: 2025-03-05, and Source: Cybersecurity DiveDate Accessed: 2025-03-05, and Source: Regulatory filings.

Investigation Status

What is the current status of the investigation for each incident ?

Incident : Ransomware JPM602061325

Investigation Status: Investigation ongoing

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Investigation Status: Ongoing (based on scans conducted between October 2024 and March 2025)

How does the company communicate the status of incident investigations to stakeholders ?

Communication of Investigation Status: The company communicates the status of incident investigations to stakeholders through Notifications sent via U.S. Mail to affected individuals with breach details and protective guidance, Regulatory disclosures filed with Maine, Massachusetts and and New Hampshire authorities.

Stakeholder and Customer Advisories

Were there any advisories issued to stakeholders or customers for each incident ?

Incident : Data Breach JPM4403744110825

Customer Advisories: Notifications sent via U.S. Mail with breach details and protective guidance

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Customer Advisories: Offering two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks, including daily credit monitoring, identity theft resolution, and $1 million in insurance coverage

What advisories does the company provide to stakeholders and customers following an incident ?

Advisories Provided: The company provides the following advisories to stakeholders and customers following an incident: were Notifications sent via U.S. Mail with breach details and protective guidance, Offering two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks, including daily credit monitoring, identity theft resolution and and $1 million in insurance coverage.

Initial Access Broker

How did the initial access broker gain entry for each incident ?

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Entry Point: Compromised user account

Post-Incident Analysis

What were the root causes and corrective actions taken for each incident ?

Incident : Data Exposure CHA10418622

Root Causes: Internal Glitch

Incident : Data Breach JPM357072525

Root Causes: Human Error

Incident : Data Breach FIR145072625

Root Causes: Improper Data Disposal

Incident : Data Breach JPM004091825

Root Causes: Software Issue

Incident : Data Exposure FORCISAMAJPM1767748297

Root Causes: Misconfigured Cloud Storage Buckets, Public Exposure Of Sensitive Data, Lack Of Identity-Checking Services In Some Cases, Overconfidence In Cloud Provider Security Measures,

Corrective Actions: Enable Identity-Checking Services, Regularly Audit Cloud Configurations, Remove Sensitive Data From User Data/Environment Variables, Implement Enhanced Monitoring,

Incident : Data Breach JPMFRI1768878048

Root Causes: Compromised user account leading to unauthorized access to shared network drive

Corrective Actions: Joint review to bolster security measures

What is the company's process for conducting post-incident analysis ?

Post-Incident Analysis Process: The company's process for conducting post-incident analysis is described as Symantec researchers, Enabled identity-checking service (80%+ of AWS users).

What corrective actions has the company taken based on post-incident analysis ?

Corrective Actions Taken: The company has taken the following corrective actions based on post-incident analysis: Enable Identity-Checking Services, Regularly Audit Cloud Configurations, Remove Sensitive Data From User Data/Environment Variables, Implement Enhanced Monitoring, , Joint review to bolster security measures.

Additional Questions

General Information

Who was the attacking group in the last incident ?

Last Attacking Group: The attacking group in the last incident were an Fog Ransomware Hackers and Employee.

Incident Details

What was the most recent incident detected ?

Most Recent Incident Detected: The most recent incident detected was on May 2025.

What was the most recent incident publicly disclosed ?

Most Recent Incident Publicly Disclosed: The most recent incident publicly disclosed was on 2026-01-12.

Impact of the Incidents

What was the most significant data compromised in an incident ?

Most Significant Data Compromised: The most significant data compromised in an incident were Customer Bank Account Details, , Names, Addresses, Mortgage Loan Numbers, Social Security Numbers, , Client names, Account types and numbers, Taxpayer identification/social security numbers, , personal information, financial information, , names, addresses, Social Security numbers, bank account details, , names, addresses, Social Security numbers, bank account details, , customer names, debit card numbers, encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs), , names, addresses, Social Security numbers, bank account details, , Names, Social Security numbers, , Sensitive data, including confidential and restricted information, Names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs and and contact details.

What was the most significant system affected in an incident ?

Most Significant System Affected: The most significant system affected in an incident was Chase.com and AWS S3 BucketsGCP Cloud StorageAWS Elastic Container ServiceGoogle CloudRunAWS EC2 User Data and .

Response to the Incidents

What third-party assistance was involved in the most recent incident ?

Third-Party Assistance in Most Recent Incident: The third-party assistance involved in the most recent incident was Symantec researchers.

Data Breach Information

What was the most sensitive data compromised in a breach ?

Most Sensitive Data Compromised: The most sensitive data compromised in a breach were names, personal information, Names, Addresses, debit card numbers, Account types and numbers, encrypted personal identification numbers (PINs), financial information, Social Security numbers, addresses, Names, account numbers, Social Security numbers, passport numbers, government IDs, and contact details, customer names, Social Security Numbers, Client names, bank account details, Sensitive data, including confidential and restricted information, Taxpayer identification/social security numbers, Mortgage Loan Numbers and Customer Bank Account Details.

What was the number of records exposed in the most significant breach ?

Number of Records Exposed in Most Significant Breach: The number of records exposed in the most significant breach was 1.6K.

Lessons Learned and Recommendations

What was the most significant lesson learned from past incidents ?

Most Significant Lesson Learned: The most significant lesson learned from past incidents was Expect the use of ordinary and legitimate corporate software as the norm in ransomware attacks., Organizations must prioritize secure cloud configurations, regularly audit cloud storage settings, and avoid storing sensitive data in publicly accessible or misconfigured buckets. AWS, GCP, and Azure users should enable identity-checking services and monitor for exposed secrets., Highlights vulnerabilities in third-party legal service providers handling sensitive financial data.

What was the most significant recommendation implemented to improve cybersecurity ?

Most Significant Recommendation Implemented: The most significant recommendation implemented to improve cybersecurity was Implement network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, Enable identity-checking services (e.g., AWS IAM), Consider placing a fraud alert or credit freeze on credit files., Be cautious of phishing attempts or scams targeting exposed PII., Adopt secure development practices to prevent misconfigurations, Affected individuals should monitor their credit reports and financial accounts for suspicious activity., Avoid storing sensitive data in user data or environment variables and Conduct regular audits of cloud storage configurations.

References

What is the most recent source of information about an incident ?

Most Recent Source: The most recent source of information about an incident are Tenable Report on Toxic Cloud Trilogies, Texas Attorney General’s data breach portal, Symantec researchers, Cybersecurity Dive, Regulatory filings, Vermont Office of the Attorney General and California Office of the Attorney General.

Investigation Status

What is the current status of the most recent investigation ?

Current Status of Most Recent Investigation: The current status of the most recent investigation is Investigation ongoing.

Stakeholder and Customer Advisories

What was the most recent customer advisory issued ?

Most Recent Customer Advisory: The most recent customer advisory issued were an Notifications sent via U.S. Mail with breach details and protective guidance, Offering two years of free credit monitoring through Experian IdentityWorks, including daily credit monitoring, identity theft resolution and and $1 million in insurance coverage.

Initial Access Broker

What was the most recent entry point used by an initial access broker ?

Most Recent Entry Point: The most recent entry point used by an initial access broker was an Compromised user account.

Post-Incident Analysis

What was the most significant root cause identified in post-incident analysis ?

Most Significant Root Cause: The most significant root cause identified in post-incident analysis was Internal Glitch, Human Error, Improper Data Disposal, Software Issue, Misconfigured cloud storage bucketsPublic exposure of sensitive dataLack of identity-checking services in some casesOverconfidence in cloud provider security measures, Compromised user account leading to unauthorized access to shared network drive.

What was the most significant corrective action taken based on post-incident analysis ?

Most Significant Corrective Action: The most significant corrective action taken based on post-incident analysis was Enable identity-checking servicesRegularly audit cloud configurationsRemove sensitive data from user data/environment variablesImplement enhanced monitoring, Joint review to bolster security measures.

cve

Latest Global CVEs (Not Company-Specific)

Description

SummaryA command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) has been found to exist in the `wrangler pages deploy` command. The issue occurs because the `--commit-hash` parameter is passed directly to a shell command without proper validation or sanitization, allowing an attacker with control of `--commit-hash` to execute arbitrary commands on the system running Wrangler. Root causeThe commitHash variable, derived from user input via the --commit-hash CLI argument, is interpolated directly into a shell command using template literals (e.g.,  execSync(`git show -s --format=%B ${commitHash}`)). Shell metacharacters are interpreted by the shell, enabling command execution. ImpactThis vulnerability is generally hard to exploit, as it requires --commit-hash to be attacker controlled. The vulnerability primarily affects CI/CD environments where `wrangler pages deploy` is used in automated pipelines and the --commit-hash parameter is populated from external, potentially untrusted sources. An attacker could exploit this to: * Run any shell command. * Exfiltrate environment variables. * Compromise the CI runner to install backdoors or modify build artifacts. Credits Disclosed responsibly by kny4hacker. Mitigation * Wrangler v4 users are requested to upgrade to Wrangler v4.59.1 or higher. * Wrangler v3 users are requested to upgrade to Wrangler v3.114.17 or higher. * Users on Wrangler v2 (EOL) should upgrade to a supported major version.

Risk Information
cvss4
Base: 7.7
Severity: LOW
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Description

Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.14 and 7.2.4. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 8.2
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description

Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.14 and 7.2.4. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L).

Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 8.1
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
Description

Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.14 and 7.2.4. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 8.2
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description

Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.14 and 7.2.4. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 8.2
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

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