Brilliance Publishing
Company Details
Linkedin ID:
brilliance-publishing
Employees number:
135
Number of followers:
5,615
NAICS:
511
Industry Type:
Homepage:
brilliancepublishing.com
IP Addresses:
0
Company ID:
BRI_3136248
Scan Status:
In-progress
Brilliance Publishing Company CyberSecurity Posture
brilliancepublishing.com
We fill the world with stories. We connect authors with fans. We dare to dream, and push to inspire. As a subsidiary of Amazon Publishing, we’re able to give our storytellers incredible reach. Yes, we’re numbers people. But we’re also people-people. We go above and beyond to make our authors happy and add meaning to the lives of book lovers near and far. Because every story needs an audience. And every audience needs a story. Come work with us.
Brilliance Publishing A.I CyberSecurity Scoring
Brilliance Publishing Risk Score (AI oriented)Between 750 and 799
Brilliance Publishing
Updated:
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Brilliance Publishing Company CyberSecurity News & History
Past Incidents
19
Attack Types
5
Amazon
Cyber Attack
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation
Description: Amazon’s customer service representative was tricked into disclosing Eric Springer, a user’s personal information by an attacker who used social engineering techniques. The attack initiated through the mail ended up in the attacker getting the credit card details along with the address and other details. The incident got all highlighted on the internet and people on the web demanded social engineering training to be given to employees to prevent any such incidents in the future.
Amazon
Data Leak
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation
Description: Amazon had fired a number of employees after they shared customer email address and phone numbers with a third-party violating of their policies. No other information related to account was shared.
webXray
Breach
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks
Description: webXray, a tool designed to expose privacy violations on the internet, reveals how tech giants like Google and various websites track user data and browsing habits. Developed by former Google engineer Tim Libert, webXray analyzes web activity to identify which sites collect data, including sensitive information. Such tracking, often without clear user consent, can breach laws like HIPAA and GDPR, posing serious threats to individuals' privacy. The tool aims to empower regulators and attorneys to assess and rectify these violations, promoting a balanced digital ecosystem.
AWS (Amazon Web Services)
Cyber Attack
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation
Description: Darktrace researchers uncovered a cyber campaign dubbed **ShadowV2**, exploiting misconfigured **exposed Docker APIs** on **AWS EC2 instances**. Attackers leveraged the **Python Docker SDK** to interact with unsecured Docker daemons, deploying malicious containers directly on victims' systems instead of using prebuilt images—likely to minimize forensic evidence. The compromised Docker environments were then repurposed as launchpads for **DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks**, turning cloud-native misconfigurations into a scalable attack vector. While AWS Docker instances are **not exposed to the internet by default**, improper configurations enabled external access, allowing threat actors to infiltrate systems. The attack highlights the industrialization of cybercrime, where **DDoS-as-a-service** models—complete with APIs, dashboards, and user interfaces—are commoditized. Although the article does not specify direct financial or data losses, the exploitation of cloud infrastructure for large-scale DDoS operations poses **reputational risks**, **operational disruptions**, and potential **financial liabilities** for AWS customers whose instances were hijacked. The incident underscores the growing sophistication of cybercriminals in weaponizing misconfigured cloud services, with **AWS EC2** serving as a primary target in this campaign. While no customer data breaches were reported, the abuse of Docker APIs for malicious purposes could erode trust in AWS’s security posture, particularly among enterprises relying on containerized workloads.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Cyber Attack
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization’s existence
Description: AWS experienced a **16-hour global outage on October 20**, caused by **DNS resolution issues** in its US-East-1 region, disrupting hundreds of critical online services worldwide. Affected platforms included **Zoom, Canva, banks, airlines, Roblox, Fortnite, Snapchat, and Reddit**, with thousands of users in Singapore reporting disruptions via Downdetector. The outage stemmed from a **chain of failures**: initial DNS problems led to impairments in AWS’s internal subsystem monitoring network load balancers, followed by a **backlog of internet traffic requests**, prolonging restoration. The incident mirrored the severity of a **coordinated cyber attack**, exposing vulnerabilities in cloud resilience and overreliance on legacy technologies like DNS. While AWS confirmed **increased error rates and latencies**, the root cause (hardware error, misconfiguration, or human error) remains undisclosed. The outage underscored risks to **global digital infrastructure**, prompting regulatory responses like Singapore’s upcoming **Digital Infrastructure Act** to enforce stricter security and resilience standards for cloud providers. The economic and operational ripple effects highlighted the **concentrated risk** of single-point failures in cloud services, disrupting businesses, financial transactions, and daily digital activities for millions.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Cyber Attack
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization's existence: - Attack which create outage - Attack which disrupt the payment process for a shop / e-commerce website - Attack by criminal hackers (indirectly via systemic exploitation) - Attack which stop a factory (if industrial IoT/operational tech was dependent on AWS) - Attack in which company data exposes (potential secondary breaches due to prolonged vulnerability)
Description: AWS, the world’s largest cloud computing platform (30% market share), suffered a major outage due to a malfunction at its Northern Virginia data center. The incident disrupted thousands of organizations globally, including banks (e.g., financial software like Xero), social media platforms (e.g., Snapchat), and other digital services. While AWS claimed to have resolved the underlying issue, residual disruptions persisted for some users. The outage exposed critical vulnerabilities in cloud reliance, triggering cascading failures across dependent systems. Businesses faced operational paralysis, financial losses from downtime, and reputational damage due to service unavailability. The incident underscored risks like single points of failure in centralized cloud infrastructure, vendor lock-in challenges, and geopolitical regulatory complexities. Previous outages by competitors (Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud) in 2024 further highlighted systemic fragility in the oligopolistic cloud market, where a minor technical error can cripple global digital ecosystems.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Data Leak
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks
Description: An Amazon S3 bucket containing scans of about 119,000 US and foreign citizens' IDs and personal information was found by researchers. The firm that owns the data, Bongo International, is owned by FedEx and supports North American retailers' and brands' online sales to customers abroad. In the AWS bucket were over 112,000 files, unencrypted data, and customer ID scans from a wide range of nations, including the US, Mexico, Canada, many EU nations, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Japan, Malaysia, China, and Australia. FedEx did not remove the S3 bucket until its presence was made public, despite Kromtech's best efforts to get in touch with them.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Ransomware
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization’s existence
Description: Cybersecurity researchers have warned about a new wave of ransomware attacks targeting **AWS S3 buckets**, a widely used cloud storage service. Unlike traditional ransomware that encrypts or deletes data, attackers are now abusing **cloud-native encryption and key management services** to render data permanently unrecoverable. By manipulating built-in AWS capabilities like **key rotation and encryption controls**, threat actors can lock organizations out of their own storage without triggering typical breach detection mechanisms.The shift reflects an evolution in ransomware tactics, as defenders strengthen perimeter defenses. Organizations relying on S3 buckets for critical data—including customer records, financial documents, or proprietary assets—face severe operational disruptions if encryption keys are compromised. Recovery may require paying ransoms or accepting irreversible data loss, particularly if backups are also encrypted or inaccessible. The attack method exploits **trusted cloud functionalities**, making it harder to distinguish malicious activity from legitimate administrative actions.Given AWS’s dominance in cloud infrastructure, successful exploits could cascade across dependent services, affecting businesses, governments, and end-users. The technique underscores the growing sophistication of ransomware groups in targeting **cloud environments**, where traditional security models may fall short.
Amazon Web Services
Vulnerability
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack without any consequences
Description: Amazon Web Services has disclosed a critical security vulnerability in its Client VPN software for Windows that could allow attackers to escalate privileges and execute malicious code with administrative rights. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-8069, affects multiple versions of the AWS Client VPN client and has been patched in the latest release. The flaw specifically targets the installation process on Windows devices, creating a pathway for local privilege escalation attacks that could compromise system security. The vulnerability was discovered and reported by the Zero Day Initiative through a coordinated vulnerability disclosure process.
Amazon Web Services
Vulnerability
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with internal employee data leaks
Description: A vulnerability in Amazon Web Services' Application Load Balancer was discovered by security firm Miggo, which could potentially allow an attacker to bypass access controls and compromise web applications. This vulnerability was not due to a software flaw but stemmed from customers' configuration of the service, particularly the setup of authentication. Researchers identified over 15,000 web applications with potentially vulnerable configurations, though AWS disputes the figure and has contacted customers to recommend more secure setups. Exploiting this vulnerability would involve token forgery by the attacker to obtain unauthorized access to applications, escalating privileges within the system.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Vulnerability
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with internal employee data leaks
Description: A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-12779) in the **Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux (versions 2023.0–2024.8)** exposes improper handling of authentication tokens, allowing local attackers to extract valid tokens left accessible by the client. This flaw enables unauthorized access to a victim’s private WorkSpaces session, granting control over their virtual environment. The risk is heightened in **shared or multi-user Linux systems**, where malicious actors could exploit the vulnerability to hijack sessions, access sensitive data, or perform actions on behalf of the compromised user. AWS has released a patch in **version 2025.0** and urged immediate updates, but unpatched systems remain exposed to session takeover attacks. While no evidence of active exploitation has been reported, the vulnerability underscores the risks of inadequate token management in cloud-based desktop solutions, potentially leading to **data breaches, privilege escalation, or lateral movement within corporate networks** if abused in enterprise environments.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Vulnerability
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks
Description: AWS’s **Trusted Advisor** tool, designed to alert customers if their **S3 storage buckets** are publicly exposed, was found to be vulnerable to manipulation by **Fog Security researchers**. By tweaking **bucket policies** or **ACLs** (Access Control Lists) and adding **deny policies** (e.g., blocking `s3:GetBucketPolicyStatus`, `s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock`, or `s3:GetBucketAcl`), attackers or misconfigured users could make buckets **publicly accessible** while preventing Trusted Advisor from detecting the exposure. This flaw allowed **potential data exfiltration** without triggering security warnings, posing risks of **unauthorized access to sensitive data**.The issue was privately reported to AWS, which implemented fixes in **June 2025** to correct Trusted Advisor’s detection logic. However, concerns remain about **inadequate user notifications**, as some accounts (including the researcher’s test account) did not receive alerts, leaving them unaware of the need to recheck bucket permissions. AWS recommended enabling **Block Public Access settings**, retiring **legacy ACLs**, and using **IAM policies** for stricter control. Fog Security also released an **open-source scanning tool** to help users identify misconfigured S3 buckets.The vulnerability highlights risks of **insider threats (malicious or accidental)**, **credential compromise**, and **misconfigurations** leading to **unintended public exposure of data**, potentially affecting **customer trust, compliance, and data security**.
Ring
Breach
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack threatening the organization's existence
Description: A security flaw in Ring’s Neighbors app exposed the precise locations and home addresses of users who had posted to the app. It included the videos taken by Ring doorbells and security cameras and the bug made it possible to retrieve the location data of users who posted to the app. The bug retrieved the hidden data, including the user’s latitude and longitude and their home address, from Ring’s servers. The hackers also created tools to break into Ring accounts and over 1,500 user account passwords were found on the dark web.
Ring
Cyber Attack
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation
Description: Ring, a subsidiary of Amazon, faced a significant issue on May 28th when customers reported unauthorized devices logged into their accounts from various locations worldwide. While Ring attributed this to a backend update bug, customers remained skeptical, citing unknown devices and strange IP addresses. The company's explanation was met with disbelief, as users saw logins from countries they had never visited and devices they did not recognize. Additionally, some users reported live view activity during times when no one accessed the app and missed security alerts or multi-factor authentication prompts. Ring's lack of clarity and the persistence of the issue have raised concerns among customers about potential security breaches.
Ring
Data Leak
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks
Description: 3,672 Ring camera owners' login information, including login emails, passwords, time zones, and the names people give to certain Ring cameras, was stolen. This enables a potential assailant to observe cameras in someone's home, which is a grave potential breach of privacy. A hacker might access a Ring customer's home address, phone number, and payment information, including the type of card they have, its last four numbers, and security code, using the login email and password. The nature of the leaked data, which contains a username, password, camera name, and time zone in a standardized format, shows that it was acquired from a company database.
Ring
Data Leak
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with internal employee data leaks
Description: Amazon-owned home security camera company Ring fired employees for improperly accessing Ring users' video data. This data can be particularly sensitive though, as customers often put the cameras inside their home. Ring employees in Ukraine were given unrestricted access to videos from Ring cameras around the world.
Twitch
Data Leak
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with internal employee data leaks.
Description: Amazon.com Inc’s live streaming e-sports platform Twitch was hit by a data breach. An anonymous hacker leaked Twitch data, including information related to the company’s source code, clients and unreleased games, according to Video Games Chronicle. The data was exposed due to an error in a Twitch server configuration change and was subsequently accessed by a malicious third party.
Whole Foods Market
Breach
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack limited on finance or reputation
Description: Whole Foods Market chain Whole Foods Market Suffered Payment Card Breach. The security breach report states that thieves were able to obtain credit card details of patrons who made transactions at specific locations, such as full-service restaurants and taprooms inside some stores, without authorization. Whole Foods Market was notified of an incident in which payment card information used at select establishments like full-service restaurants and taprooms located within some locations was improperly accessed. The locations and total number of consumers affected by the attack remain unknown, as the company has not released any information about it.
Whole Foods Market Services, Inc.
Breach
Rankiteo Explanation
Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks
Description: The California Office of the Attorney General disclosed a **data breach** at **Whole Foods Market Services, Inc.** in October 2017. The incident involved **unauthorized access to payment card information**, exposing transactions conducted between **March 10, 2017, and September 28, 2017**. The breach was detected on **September 23, 2017**, though the exact number of affected individuals was not specified. The compromised data included **customer payment details**, potentially enabling fraudulent activity. While the full scope of the breach remains unclear, the exposure of financial information poses risks to customer trust and financial security. The incident highlights vulnerabilities in payment processing systems, emphasizing the need for robust cybersecurity measures to prevent similar breaches in the future.
Brilliance Publishing Company Scoring based on AI Models
Cyber Incidents Likelihood 3 - 6 - 9 months
A.I Risk Score Likelihood 3 - 6 - 9 months
Underwriter Stats for Brilliance Publishing
Incidents vs Book and Periodical Publishing Industry Average (This Year)
No incidents recorded for Brilliance Publishing in 2025.
Incidents vs All-Companies Average (This Year)
No incidents recorded for Brilliance Publishing in 2025.
Incident Types Brilliance Publishing vs Book and Periodical Publishing Industry Avg (This Year)
No incidents recorded for Brilliance Publishing in 2025.
Incident History — Brilliance Publishing (X = Date, Y = Severity)
Brilliance Publishing cyber incidents detection timeline including parent company and subsidiaries
Brilliance Publishing Company Subsidiaries
We fill the world with stories. We connect authors with fans. We dare to dream, and push to inspire. As a subsidiary of Amazon Publishing, we’re able to give our storytellers incredible reach. Yes, we’re numbers people. But we’re also people-people. We go above and beyond to make our authors happy and add meaning to the lives of book lovers near and far. Because every story needs an audience. And every audience needs a story. Come work with us.
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Brilliance Publishing CyberSecurity News
November 28, 2025 05:30 PM
Cybersecurity expert warns Salt Typhoon hackers had 'full reign access' to telecommunications data
Pete Nicoletti, chief information security officer at Check Point, told Fox News Digital that those behind the Salt Typhoon cyberattack had...
November 28, 2025 05:28 PM
Cybersecurity breach in Greater Cincinnati community; administrators haven't paid ransom
GOLF MANOR, Ohio (WKRC) - The Village of Golf Manor is dealing with ransomware from a cybersecurity breach. At the Nov.
November 28, 2025 04:41 PM
Ohio village gets hit with cybersecurity ransom attack
A small village in Hamilton County is weighing its options after its computer systems were hacked for ransom.
November 28, 2025 04:35 PM
South Korean solar inverter industry raises cybersecurity concerns
South Korean solar inverter makers have jointly launched a new association of inverter manufacturers to coordinate domestic production,...
November 28, 2025 04:33 PM
Gartner: How CIOs Can Craft Business-Driven Cybersecurity Narratives
By Apoorva Chhabra. CIOs often struggle to convey the true value of cybersecurity to their organizations and secure buy-in from C-suite...
November 28, 2025 03:37 PM
Now hackers start hacking US Radio Stations
In recent years, cyber-attacks have largely centered on state-sponsored hacking groups and independent cyber-criminals breaching private companies,...
November 28, 2025 02:41 PM
The automotive industry has a cybersecurity problem
"API is a huge threat landscape at this point. There's no avoiding it with the connected vehicle," said Joshua Poster,...
November 28, 2025 02:38 PM
Fortem Cybersecurity, the New Global Cybersecurity Brand from Maguen Group, Officially Launches
Press release - Getnews - Fortem Cybersecurity, the New Global Cybersecurity Brand from Maguen Group, Officially Launches - published on...
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Mexico’s AI Readiness Test: What Companies Must Fix First
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Frequently Asked Questions
Explore insights on cybersecurity incidents, risk posture, and Rankiteo's assessments.
Brilliance Publishing CyberSecurity History Information
Official Website of Brilliance Publishing
The official website of Brilliance Publishing is http://www.brilliancepublishing.com/.
Brilliance Publishing’s AI-Generated Cybersecurity Score
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing’s AI-generated cybersecurity score is 752, reflecting their Fair security posture.
How many security badges does Brilliance Publishing’ have ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing currently holds 0 security badges, indicating that no recognized compliance certifications are currently verified for the organization.
Does Brilliance Publishing have SOC 2 Type 1 certification ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing is not certified under SOC 2 Type 1.
Does Brilliance Publishing have SOC 2 Type 2 certification ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing does not hold a SOC 2 Type 2 certification.
Does Brilliance Publishing comply with GDPR ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing is not listed as GDPR compliant.
Does Brilliance Publishing have PCI DSS certification ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing does not currently maintain PCI DSS compliance.
Does Brilliance Publishing comply with HIPAA ?
According to Rankiteo, Brilliance Publishing is not compliant with HIPAA regulations.
Does Brilliance Publishing have ISO 27001 certification ?
According to Rankiteo,Brilliance Publishing is not certified under ISO 27001, indicating the absence of a formally recognized information security management framework.
Industry Classification of Brilliance Publishing
Brilliance Publishing operates primarily in the Book and Periodical Publishing industry.
Number of Employees at Brilliance Publishing
Brilliance Publishing employs approximately 135 people worldwide.
Subsidiaries Owned by Brilliance Publishing
Brilliance Publishing presently has no subsidiaries across any sectors.
Brilliance Publishing’s LinkedIn Followers
Brilliance Publishing’s official LinkedIn profile has approximately 5,615 followers.
NAICS Classification of Brilliance Publishing
Brilliance Publishing is classified under the NAICS code 511, which corresponds to Publishing Industries (except Internet).
Brilliance Publishing’s Presence on Crunchbase
No, Brilliance Publishing does not have a profile on Crunchbase.
Brilliance Publishing’s Presence on LinkedIn
Yes, Brilliance Publishing maintains an official LinkedIn profile, which is actively utilized for branding and talent engagement, which can be accessed here: https://www.linkedin.com/company/brilliance-publishing.
Cybersecurity Incidents Involving Brilliance Publishing
As of November 28, 2025, Rankiteo reports that Brilliance Publishing has experienced 19 cybersecurity incidents.
Number of Peer and Competitor Companies
Brilliance Publishing has an estimated 4,881 peer or competitor companies worldwide.
What types of cybersecurity incidents have occurred at Brilliance Publishing ?
Incident Types: The types of cybersecurity incidents that have occurred include Breach, Cyber Attack, Ransomware, Data Leak and Vulnerability.
How does Brilliance Publishing detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents ?
Detection and Response: The company detects and responds to cybersecurity incidents through an communication strategy with public demand for social engineering training, and remediation measures with fired employees, and containment measures with removed the s3 bucket, and remediation measures with ring is deploying a fix, and communication strategy with ring posted on facebook and updated its status page, and containment measures with upgrade to version 5.2.2, and remediation measures with patch the vulnerability, and and third party assistance with fog security (researchers who discovered the issue), and containment measures with aws implemented fixes to trusted advisor in june 2025 to correctly detect misconfigured buckets, containment measures with emails sent to customers notifying them of the issue and fixes, and remediation measures with customers advised to enable block public access settings at account and bucket levels, remediation measures with switch from acls to iam policies recommended, remediation measures with manual review of s3 bucket configurations urged, and recovery measures with aws trusted advisor now displays correct bucket status, recovery measures with open-source tool released by fog security to scan s3 resources for access issues, and communication strategy with aws sent emails to customers (though coverage may be incomplete), communication strategy with public disclosure via cybersecurity news outlets (e.g., help net security), and communication strategy with public disclosure via california office of the attorney general, and third party assistance with darktrace (detection and analysis), and remediation measures with securing exposed docker apis, remediation measures with disabling unnecessary external access to docker daemons, remediation measures with reviewing aws ec2 configurations, and enhanced monitoring with darktrace honeypots for detection, and incident response plan activated with yes (aws acknowledged increased error rates and latencies; detailed post-event summary pending), and containment measures with resolved dns resolution issues, containment measures with addressed impairments in internal subsystem for network load balancer health monitoring, and remediation measures with cleared backlog of internet traffic requests, remediation measures with restored services to normal operations, and recovery measures with full service restoration after ~16 hours, and communication strategy with public acknowledgment via aws status website; spokeswoman provided updates to media (no detailed timeline for post-event summary), and incident response plan activated with yes (aws reported fixing the underlying issue), and containment measures with technical fix applied to data center malfunction, and and containment measures with urgent security bulletin (aws-2025-025), containment measures with end-of-support notification for affected versions, and remediation measures with upgrade to amazon workspaces client for linux version 2025.0 or newer, and communication strategy with security bulletin, communication strategy with direct outreach via [email protected], communication strategy with public advisory, and remediation measures with hardening s3 bucket configurations, remediation measures with enhancing encryption key management, remediation measures with monitoring for abnormal key rotation activities, and enhanced monitoring with cloud-native security tools for encryption/key management anomalies..
Incident Details
Can you provide details on each incident ?
Title: Amazon Customer Service Social Engineering Incident
Description: An attacker used social engineering techniques to trick an Amazon customer service representative into disclosing personal information of a user named Eric Springer. The attacker obtained credit card details, address, and other personal information.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Social Engineering
Vulnerability Exploited: Human Error
Threat Actor: Unknown
Motivation: Theft of Personal Information
Title: Ring Neighbors App Security Flaw
Description: A security flaw in Ring’s Neighbors app exposed the precise locations and home addresses of users who had posted to the app. It included the videos taken by Ring doorbells and security cameras and the bug made it possible to retrieve the location data of users who posted to the app. The bug retrieved the hidden data, including the user’s latitude and longitude and their home address, from Ring’s servers. The hackers also created tools to break into Ring accounts and over 1,500 user account passwords were found on the dark web.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Exploitation of Software Vulnerability
Vulnerability Exploited: Security flaw in Neighbors app
Threat Actor: Hackers
Motivation: Data Theft
Title: Ring Employees Fired for Improper Access to User Video Data
Description: Amazon-owned home security camera company Ring fired employees for improperly accessing Ring users' video data. This data can be particularly sensitive as customers often put the cameras inside their home. Ring employees in Ukraine were given unrestricted access to videos from Ring cameras around the world.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Insider Threat
Vulnerability Exploited: Improper Access Controls
Threat Actor: Ring Employees
Motivation: Unauthorized Access
Title: Amazon Employee Data Breach
Description: Amazon had fired a number of employees after they shared customer email addresses and phone numbers with a third-party in violation of their policies. No other information related to account was shared.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Insider Threat
Vulnerability Exploited: Policy Violation
Threat Actor: Employees
Motivation: Unknown
Title: Twitch Data Breach
Description: An anonymous hacker leaked Twitch data, including information related to the company’s source code, clients, and unreleased games.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Configuration Error
Vulnerability Exploited: Error in server configuration change
Threat Actor: Anonymous Hacker
Title: Ring Camera Data Breach
Description: 3,672 Ring camera owners' login information, including login emails, passwords, time zones, and the names people give to certain Ring cameras, was stolen. This enables a potential assailant to observe cameras in someone's home, which is a grave potential breach of privacy. A hacker might access a Ring customer's home address, phone number, and payment information, including the type of card they have, its last four numbers, and security code, using the login email and password.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Unauthorized Access
Threat Actor: Unknown
Motivation: Data Theft
Title: Whole Foods Market Payment Card Breach
Description: Whole Foods Market chain suffered a payment card breach where thieves obtained credit card details of patrons who made transactions at specific locations, such as full-service restaurants and taprooms inside some stores, without authorization.
Type: Data Breach
Attack Vector: Payment Card Systems
Threat Actor: Thieves
Motivation: Financial Gain
Title: Data Exposure of Bongo International's S3 Bucket
Description: An Amazon S3 bucket containing scans of about 119,000 US and foreign citizens' IDs and personal information was found by researchers. The firm that owns the data, Bongo International, is owned by FedEx and supports North American retailers' and brands' online sales to customers abroad. In the AWS bucket were over 112,000 files, unencrypted data, and customer ID scans from a wide range of nations, including the US, Mexico, Canada, many EU nations, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Japan, Malaysia, China, and Australia. FedEx did not remove the S3 bucket until its presence was made public, despite Kromtech's best efforts to get in touch with them.
Type: Data Exposure
Attack Vector: Misconfigured S3 Bucket
Vulnerability Exploited: Misconfiguration
Title: Privacy Violations Exposed by webXray
Description: webXray, a tool designed to expose privacy violations on the internet, reveals how tech giants like Google and various websites track user data and browsing habits. Developed by former Google engineer Tim Libert, webXray analyzes web activity to identify which sites collect data, including sensitive information. Such tracking, often without clear user consent, can breach laws like HIPAA and GDPR, posing serious threats to individuals' privacy. The tool aims to empower regulators and attorneys to assess and rectify these violations, promoting a balanced digital ecosystem.
Type: Privacy Violation
Attack Vector: Data Tracking
Vulnerability Exploited: Lack of clear user consent
Motivation: Data Collection
Title: AWS Application Load Balancer Vulnerability
Description: A vulnerability in Amazon Web Services' Application Load Balancer was discovered by security firm Miggo, which could potentially allow an attacker to bypass access controls and compromise web applications. This vulnerability was not due to a software flaw but stemmed from customers' configuration of the service, particularly the setup of authentication. Researchers identified over 15,000 web applications with potentially vulnerable configurations, though AWS disputes the figure and has contacted customers to recommend more secure setups. Exploiting this vulnerability would involve token forgery by the attacker to obtain unauthorized access to applications, escalating privileges within the system.
Type: Misconfiguration
Attack Vector: Token Forgery
Vulnerability Exploited: Misconfiguration of AWS Application Load Balancer Authentication
Motivation: Unauthorized Access, Privilege Escalation
Title: Ring Backend Update Bug Causes Unauthorized Device Logins
Description: Ring customers reported seeing unusual devices logged into their accounts from various locations worldwide, leading them to believe their accounts had been hacked. Ring attributed this to a backend update bug.
Date Detected: 2023-05-28
Type: Bug/Exploit
Attack Vector: Backend Update Bug
Vulnerability Exploited: Backend Update Bug
Title: AWS Client VPN Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Description: A critical security vulnerability (CVE-2025-8069) in AWS Client VPN software for Windows allows attackers to escalate privileges and execute malicious code with administrative rights.
Type: Vulnerability Exploitation
Attack Vector: Local Privilege Escalation
Vulnerability Exploited: CVE-2025-8069
Motivation: Privilege Escalation
Title: AWS Trusted Advisor Misconfiguration Vulnerability Allows Public S3 Bucket Exposure Without Detection
Description: Fog Security researchers discovered a vulnerability in AWS’s Trusted Advisor tool, which failed to detect publicly exposed S3 storage buckets due to specific bucket policy misconfigurations. Attackers or malicious insiders could exploit this to make S3 buckets publicly accessible without triggering Trusted Advisor warnings. The issue was privately reported to AWS and fixed in June 2025, but concerns remain about inadequate customer notifications and potential lingering misconfigurations.
Date Resolved: 2025-06
Type: Misconfiguration
Attack Vector: Insider Threat (Malicious or Accidental)Compromised AWS CredentialsPolicy Manipulation
Vulnerability Exploited: AWS Trusted Advisor Bypass via S3 Bucket Policy Misconfiguration (Deny Rules for `s3:GetBucketPolicyStatus`, `s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock`, `s3:GetBucketAcl`)
Threat Actor: Malicious Insiders (e.g., disgruntled employees)External Attackers with Compromised CredentialsAccidental Misconfiguration by Legitimate Users
Motivation: Data ExfiltrationUnauthorized Data AccessCovert PersistenceAccidental Exposure
Title: Whole Foods Market Data Breach (2017)
Description: The California Office of the Attorney General reported a data breach involving Whole Foods Market Services, Inc. on October 20, 2017. The breach involved unauthorized access to payment card information and was discovered on September 23, 2017. It affected transactions conducted between March 10, 2017, and September 28, 2017. The number of individuals affected remains unknown.
Date Detected: 2017-09-23
Date Publicly Disclosed: 2017-10-20
Type: Data Breach
Title: ShadowV2 DDoS Campaign Exploiting Exposed Docker APIs on AWS EC2
Description: Darktrace researchers discovered that the ShadowV2 threat group is exploiting misconfigured, exposed Docker APIs on AWS EC2 instances to launch DDoS attacks. The attackers use the Python Docker SDK to interact with exposed Docker daemons, building malicious containers directly on victim machines rather than importing prebuilt images. This approach may reduce forensic traces. The campaign highlights the industrialization of cybercrime, with DDoS attacks being treated as a business service by threat actors.
Type: DDoS Attack
Attack Vector: Exposed Docker APIMisconfigured AWS EC2 InstancesPython Docker SDK
Vulnerability Exploited: Misconfigured Docker Daemon (Exposed to Internet)Improper Access Controls on AWS EC2
Threat Actor: ShadowV2
Motivation: Financial GainDisruptionCybercrime-as-a-Service
Title: AWS Global Outage Due to DNS Resolution Issues (October 20, 2024)
Description: Amazon Web Services (AWS) experienced a 16-hour global outage on October 20, 2024, attributed to DNS resolution issues in the US-East-1 region. The outage disrupted hundreds of online services globally, including Zoom, Canva, Roblox, Fortnite, Snapchat, Reddit, and banking/airline services. The incident was resolved after addressing DNS issues, internal subsystem impairments (network load balancer health monitoring), and a backlog of internet traffic requests. AWS has not yet disclosed the root cause (e.g., hardware error, misconfiguration, human error, or cyber attack), but experts likened its impact to a coordinated cyber attack due to its scale and reliance on legacy technologies like DNS.
Date Detected: 2024-10-20T09:00:00Z
Date Publicly Disclosed: 2024-10-20
Date Resolved: 2024-10-21T01:00:00Z
Type: Service Disruption
Title: Major AWS Outage Impacts Thousands of Organizations Globally
Description: AWS (Amazon Web Services), the world’s largest cloud computing platform, experienced a major outage caused by a malfunction at one of its data centers in Northern Virginia, USA. The incident disrupted services for thousands of organizations, including banks, financial software platforms like Xero, and social media platforms like Snapchat. While AWS reported fixing the underlying issue, some users continued to experience service disruptions. The outage underscores the vulnerabilities of heavy reliance on cloud computing and the risks of single points of failure in centralized systems.
Type: Service Disruption
Vulnerability Exploited: Malfunction at AWS data center (likely a configuration error)
Title: Critical Authentication Token Exposure in Amazon WorkSpaces Client for Linux (CVE-2025-12779)
Description: A recently disclosed vulnerability in the Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux (CVE-2025-12779) exposes a critical security flaw that could allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to user environments due to improper handling of authentication tokens. The issue affects versions 2023.0 through 2024.8, where local users on the same machine could extract valid authentication tokens left accessible by the client, potentially gaining control over another user’s private virtual WorkSpace session. AWS has addressed the issue in version 2025.0 and urges immediate updates.
Date Publicly Disclosed: 2025-11-05
Type: Vulnerability
Attack Vector: LocalImproper Authentication Token Handling
Vulnerability Exploited: CVE-2025-12779
Title: Ransomware Operators Targeting AWS S3 Buckets with Cloud-Native Encryption Abuse
Description: Cybersecurity researchers have warned about ransomware operators shifting focus from traditional on-premises targets to cloud storage services, particularly AWS S3 buckets. A Trend Micro report highlights a new wave of attacks where attackers abuse cloud-native encryption and key management services (e.g., encryption management, key rotation) to render data unrecoverable, rather than merely stealing or deleting it. This evolution reflects attackers adapting to stronger perimeter protections adopted by organizations.
Type: ransomware
Attack Vector: abuse of cloud-native encryption serviceskey management service manipulationmisconfigured S3 buckets
Vulnerability Exploited: misconfigured AWS S3 bucket permissionsweak encryption key management practicesinsufficient cloud-native security controls
Motivation: financial gain (ransom)disruption of operations
What are the most common types of attacks the company has faced ?
Common Attack Types: The most common types of attacks the company has faced is Cyber Attack.
How does the company identify the attack vectors used in incidents ?
Identification of Attack Vectors: The company identifies the attack vectors used in incidents through Email, Security flaw in Neighbors app, OpenSSL configuration file path, Exposed Docker API on AWS EC2 and misconfigured S3 bucketscompromised cloud credentials.
Impact of the Incidents
What was the impact of each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Data Compromised: Credit card details, Address, Other personal information
Brand Reputation Impact: High
Identity Theft Risk: High
Payment Information Risk: High
Incident : Data Breach RIN01518622
Data Compromised: Home addresses, Latitude and longitude, User account passwords
Systems Affected: Ring Neighbors app
Incident : Data Breach RIN211261222
Data Compromised: Video Data
Systems Affected: Ring Security Cameras
Incident : Data Breach AMA21461222
Data Compromised: Email addresses, Phone numbers
Incident : Data Breach TWI19174123
Data Compromised: Source code, Clients information, Unreleased games
Incident : Data Breach RIN2178523
Data Compromised: Login emails, Passwords, Time zones, Camera names, Home address, Phone number, Payment information
Systems Affected: Ring Cameras
Identity Theft Risk: High
Payment Information Risk: High
Incident : Data Breach WHO04111223
Data Compromised: Payment card information
Systems Affected: Payment Card Systems
Payment Information Risk: High
Incident : Data Exposure AMA350181223
Data Compromised: Id scans, Personal information
Systems Affected: Amazon S3 Bucket
Identity Theft Risk: High
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Data Compromised: User data and browsing habits
Brand Reputation Impact: Negative
Legal Liabilities: Potential breach of HIPAA and GDPR
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Systems Affected: Ring Accounts
Customer Complaints: ['Users reported unknown devices and strange IP addresses', 'Users reported live view activity without household access', 'Users reported not receiving security alerts or MFA prompts']
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Systems Affected: Windows devices running affected versions of AWS Client VPN
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Data Compromised: Potential exposure of sensitive data in publicly accessible S3 buckets (scope depends on bucket contents)
Systems Affected: AWS S3 BucketsTrusted Advisor Security Checks
Operational Impact: False sense of security due to undetected public bucket exposure; potential for unauthorized data access or exfiltration
Brand Reputation Impact: Risk of reputational damage for AWS and affected customers if data breaches occur due to undetected exposures
Legal Liabilities: Potential compliance violations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA) if sensitive data is exposed
Identity Theft Risk: High (if PII is stored in affected buckets)
Payment Information Risk: High (if payment data is stored in affected buckets)
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Data Compromised: Payment card information
Identity Theft Risk: Potential (due to payment card exposure)
Payment Information Risk: High
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Systems Affected: AWS EC2 Instances with Exposed Docker APIsVictim Containers
Operational Impact: Potential Service Disruption from DDoSResource Hijacking for Attack Infrastructure
Brand Reputation Impact: Potential Reputation Damage for Affected OrganizationsHighlighting Cloud Security Gaps
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Systems Affected: DNS infrastructureNetwork load balancersMultiple AWS services in US-East-1
Downtime: 16 hours (from ~2024-10-20T09:00:00Z to ~2024-10-21T01:00:00Z)
Operational Impact: Severe disruption to global online services (e.g., banking, airlines, gaming, social media, productivity tools)
Customer Complaints: Thousands of reports on Downdetector (Singapore and globally)
Brand Reputation Impact: Highlighted overreliance on AWS and legacy DNS technologies; compared to CrowdStrike (July 2024) and Equinix (October 2023) outages
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Systems Affected: Cloud servicesBanking platformsFinancial software (e.g., Xero)Social media (e.g., Snapchat)
Downtime: Prolonged (exact duration unspecified; some disruptions persisted after initial fix)
Operational Impact: Severe (domino effect paralyzing vast segments of the internet)
Customer Complaints: Likely high (widespread service disruptions reported)
Brand Reputation Impact: Moderate (highlights vulnerabilities in cloud reliance)
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Data Compromised: Authentication tokens, Potential workspace session access
Systems Affected: Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux (versions 2023.0–2024.8)
Operational Impact: Unauthorized Access to Virtual WorkSpacesRisk in Shared/Multi-User Environments
Brand Reputation Impact: Potential Erosion of Trust in AWS WorkSpaces Security
Identity Theft Risk: ['Session Hijacking Risk']
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Systems Affected: AWS S3 buckets
Operational Impact: potential data unrecoverability due to encryption abusedisruption of cloud storage services
Brand Reputation Impact: potential erosion of trust in cloud security practices
What types of data are most commonly compromised in incidents ?
Commonly Compromised Data Types: The types of data most commonly compromised in incidents are Credit Card Details, Address, Other Personal Information, , Home Addresses, Latitude And Longitude, User Account Passwords, , Video Data, Email Addresses, Phone Numbers, , Source Code, Clients Information, Unreleased Games, , Login Information, Camera Names, Time Zones, Home Address, Phone Number, Payment Information, , Payment Card Information, , Id Scans, Personal Information, , User data and browsing habits, Potential exposure of any data stored in misconfigured S3 buckets (e.g., PII, financial data, proprietary information), Payment card information, Authentication Tokens and .
Which entities were affected by each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Entity Name: Amazon
Entity Type: Company
Industry: E-commerce
Location: Global
Size: Large
Incident : Data Breach RIN211261222
Entity Name: Ring
Entity Type: Company
Industry: Home Security
Location: Global
Incident : Data Breach AMA21461222
Entity Name: Amazon
Entity Type: Corporation
Industry: E-commerce
Location: Global
Size: Large
Incident : Data Breach RIN2178523
Entity Name: Ring
Entity Type: Company
Industry: Smart Home Technology
Customers Affected: 3672
Incident : Data Breach WHO04111223
Entity Name: Whole Foods Market
Entity Type: Retail
Industry: Grocery
Incident : Data Exposure AMA350181223
Entity Name: Bongo International
Entity Type: Private
Industry: Logistics
Location: Global
Customers Affected: 119,000
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Entity Name: Google
Entity Type: Technology Company
Industry: Internet Services
Location: Global
Size: Large
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA000082124
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology
Customers Affected: 15000
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology/Cloud Computing
Location: Global
Size: Large Enterprise
Customers Affected: All AWS customers using S3 buckets and Trusted Advisor (potential impact depends on bucket configurations)
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Entity Name: Whole Foods Market Services, Inc.
Entity Type: Retail
Industry: Grocery/Supermarket
Location: California, USA (headquartered in Austin, Texas)
Customers Affected: Unknown
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Entity Type: Cloud Service Providers, Organizations Using AWS EC2 with Misconfigured Docker
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology/Cloud Computing
Location: Global (primary impact in US-East-1 region)
Size: World's largest cloud provider
Customers Affected: Hundreds of services globally (e.g., Zoom, Canva, Roblox, Fortnite, Snapchat, Reddit, banks, airlines)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Zoom
Entity Type: Software Company
Industry: Communication/Video Conferencing
Location: Global (reported disruptions in Singapore)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Canva
Entity Type: Software Company
Industry: Graphic Design
Location: Global (reported disruptions in Singapore)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Roblox
Entity Type: Gaming Platform
Industry: Entertainment/Gaming
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Fortnite (Epic Games)
Entity Type: Gaming Company
Industry: Entertainment/Gaming
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Snapchat (Snap Inc.)
Entity Type: Social Media Platform
Industry: Technology/Social Media
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Reddit
Entity Type: Social Media Platform
Industry: Technology/Social Media
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Entity Name: Unspecified Banks and Airlines
Entity Type: Financial Institutions, Aviation
Industry: Banking, Travel
Location: Global (including overseas from Singapore)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology/Cloud Computing
Location: Northern Virginia, USA (data center)
Size: Large (30% global cloud market share)
Customers Affected: Thousands of organizations
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Entity Name: Xero
Entity Type: Financial Software Platform
Industry: FinTech
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Entity Name: Snapchat
Entity Type: Social Media Platform
Industry: Technology/Social Media
Location: Global
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Entity Name: Unspecified Banks
Entity Type: Financial Institutions
Industry: Banking
Location: Global
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Entity Name: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Entity Type: Cloud Service Provider
Industry: Technology
Location: Global
Size: Large Enterprise
Customers Affected: Users of Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux (versions 2023.0–2024.8)
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Entity Type: cloud service providers, organizations using AWS S3 buckets
Response to the Incidents
What measures were taken in response to each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Communication Strategy: Public demand for social engineering training
Incident : Data Breach AMA21461222
Remediation Measures: Fired Employees
Incident : Data Exposure AMA350181223
Containment Measures: Removed the S3 bucket
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Remediation Measures: Ring is deploying a fix
Communication Strategy: Ring posted on Facebook and updated its status page
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Containment Measures: Upgrade to version 5.2.2
Remediation Measures: Patch the vulnerability
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Incident Response Plan Activated: True
Third Party Assistance: Fog Security (Researchers Who Discovered The Issue).
Containment Measures: AWS implemented fixes to Trusted Advisor in June 2025 to correctly detect misconfigured bucketsEmails sent to customers notifying them of the issue and fixes
Remediation Measures: Customers advised to enable Block Public Access Settings at account and bucket levelsSwitch from ACLs to IAM policies recommendedManual review of S3 bucket configurations urged
Recovery Measures: AWS Trusted Advisor now displays correct bucket statusOpen-source tool released by Fog Security to scan S3 resources for access issues
Communication Strategy: AWS sent emails to customers (though coverage may be incomplete)Public disclosure via cybersecurity news outlets (e.g., Help Net Security)
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Communication Strategy: Public disclosure via California Office of the Attorney General
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Third Party Assistance: Darktrace (Detection And Analysis).
Remediation Measures: Securing Exposed Docker APIsDisabling Unnecessary External Access to Docker DaemonsReviewing AWS EC2 Configurations
Enhanced Monitoring: Darktrace Honeypots for Detection
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Incident Response Plan Activated: Yes (AWS acknowledged increased error rates and latencies; detailed post-event summary pending)
Containment Measures: Resolved DNS resolution issuesAddressed impairments in internal subsystem for network load balancer health monitoring
Remediation Measures: Cleared backlog of internet traffic requestsRestored services to normal operations
Recovery Measures: Full service restoration after ~16 hours
Communication Strategy: Public acknowledgment via AWS status website; spokeswoman provided updates to media (no detailed timeline for post-event summary)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Incident Response Plan Activated: Yes (AWS reported fixing the underlying issue)
Containment Measures: Technical fix applied to data center malfunction
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Incident Response Plan Activated: True
Containment Measures: Urgent Security Bulletin (AWS-2025-025)End-of-Support Notification for Affected Versions
Remediation Measures: Upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or newer
Communication Strategy: Security BulletinDirect Outreach via [email protected] Advisory
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Remediation Measures: hardening S3 bucket configurationsenhancing encryption key managementmonitoring for abnormal key rotation activities
Enhanced Monitoring: cloud-native security tools for encryption/key management anomalies
What is the company's incident response plan?
Incident Response Plan: The company's incident response plan is described as Yes (AWS acknowledged increased error rates and latencies; detailed post-event summary pending), Yes (AWS reported fixing the underlying issue), .
How does the company involve third-party assistance in incident response ?
Third-Party Assistance: The company involves third-party assistance in incident response through Fog Security (researchers who discovered the issue), , Darktrace (Detection and Analysis), .
Data Breach Information
What type of data was compromised in each breach ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Type of Data Compromised: Credit card details, Address, Other personal information
Sensitivity of Data: High
Data Exfiltration: Yes
Personally Identifiable Information: Yes
Incident : Data Breach RIN01518622
Type of Data Compromised: Home addresses, Latitude and longitude, User account passwords
Number of Records Exposed: 1500
Sensitivity of Data: High
Incident : Data Breach RIN211261222
Type of Data Compromised: Video Data
Sensitivity of Data: High
File Types Exposed: Video Files
Incident : Data Breach AMA21461222
Type of Data Compromised: Email addresses, Phone numbers
Sensitivity of Data: Medium
Incident : Data Breach TWI19174123
Type of Data Compromised: Source code, Clients information, Unreleased games
Incident : Data Breach RIN2178523
Type of Data Compromised: Login information, Camera names, Time zones, Home address, Phone number, Payment information
Number of Records Exposed: 3672
Sensitivity of Data: High
Incident : Data Breach WHO04111223
Type of Data Compromised: Payment card information
Sensitivity of Data: High
Incident : Data Exposure AMA350181223
Type of Data Compromised: Id scans, Personal information
Number of Records Exposed: 119,000
Sensitivity of Data: High
Data Encryption: No
File Types Exposed: ID scansUnencrypted data
Personally Identifiable Information: Yes
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Type of Data Compromised: User data and browsing habits
Sensitivity of Data: High
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Type of Data Compromised: Potential exposure of any data stored in misconfigured S3 buckets (e.g., PII, financial data, proprietary information)
Sensitivity of Data: Varies (high risk if buckets contain sensitive/regulated data)
Data Exfiltration: Possible (if attackers exploit the misconfiguration)
Personally Identifiable Information: Possible (if stored in affected buckets)
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Type of Data Compromised: Payment card information
Number of Records Exposed: Unknown
Sensitivity of Data: High
Data Exfiltration: Likely (unauthorized access confirmed)
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Type of Data Compromised: Authentication tokens
Sensitivity of Data: High (Session Access Tokens)
Data Exfiltration: Potential Token Theft by Local Users
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Data Encryption: ['abuse of cloud-native encryption to render data unrecoverable']
What measures does the company take to prevent data exfiltration ?
Prevention of Data Exfiltration: The company takes the following measures to prevent data exfiltration: Fired Employees, , Ring is deploying a fix, , Patch the vulnerability, , Customers advised to enable Block Public Access Settings at account and bucket levels, Switch from ACLs to IAM policies recommended, Manual review of S3 bucket configurations urged, , Securing Exposed Docker APIs, Disabling Unnecessary External Access to Docker Daemons, Reviewing AWS EC2 Configurations, , Cleared backlog of internet traffic requests, Restored services to normal operations, , Upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or newer, , hardening S3 bucket configurations, enhancing encryption key management, monitoring for abnormal key rotation activities, .
How does the company handle incidents involving personally identifiable information (PII) ?
Handling of PII Incidents: The company handles incidents involving personally identifiable information (PII) through by removed the s3 bucket, , upgrade to version 5.2.2, , aws implemented fixes to trusted advisor in june 2025 to correctly detect misconfigured buckets, emails sent to customers notifying them of the issue and fixes, , resolved dns resolution issues, addressed impairments in internal subsystem for network load balancer health monitoring, , technical fix applied to data center malfunction, , urgent security bulletin (aws-2025-025), end-of-support notification for affected versions and .
Ransomware Information
Was ransomware involved in any of the incidents ?
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Data Encryption: ['cloud-native encryption abuse (e.g., key rotation)']
How does the company recover data encrypted by ransomware ?
Data Recovery from Ransomware: The company recovers data encrypted by ransomware through AWS Trusted Advisor now displays correct bucket status, Open-source tool released by Fog Security to scan S3 resources for access issues, , Full service restoration after ~16 hours.
Regulatory Compliance
Were there any regulatory violations and fines imposed for each incident ?
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Regulations Violated: HIPAA, GDPR,
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Regulations Violated: Potential violations of GDPR, CCPA, HIPAA, or other data protection laws if sensitive data is exposed,
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Regulations Violated: Potential violation of California data breach notification laws (e.g., CCPA precursor),
Regulatory Notifications: California Office of the Attorney General
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Regulatory Notifications: Singapore's upcoming Digital Infrastructure Act (to be tabled in Parliament) aims to enhance accountability for cloud providers and data centers post-incident
Lessons Learned and Recommendations
What lessons were learned from each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Lessons Learned: Importance of social engineering training for employees
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Lessons Learned: The need for clear user consent and transparency in data collection practices.
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Lessons Learned: Importance of responsible security research and prompt patching
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Lessons Learned: Over-reliance on automated security tools (e.g., Trusted Advisor) can create blind spots if their detection mechanisms are bypassable., Complex IAM/bucket policies increase the risk of misconfigurations that may not be caught by standard checks., Proactive manual reviews and third-party tools are critical for validating cloud security postures., Customer notifications for security issues must be comprehensive and clear about risks.
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Lessons Learned: Exposed Docker APIs on cloud instances are a significant attack vector for DDoS campaigns., Threat actors are industrializing cybercrime with user-friendly tools (e.g., APIs, dashboards) for DDoS attacks., Misconfigurations in cloud-native environments (e.g., AWS EC2) can serve as launchpads for broader attacks., Building malicious containers on victim machines may reduce forensic evidence compared to importing prebuilt images.
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Lessons Learned: Overreliance on legacy technologies (e.g., DNS) poses systemic risks in cloud-era demands., Highly concentrated risk in single providers (e.g., AWS) can disrupt global operations akin to cyber attacks., Need for fortified cloud resilience and redundancy to mitigate ripple effects on digital economies., Government intervention (e.g., Singapore's Digital Infrastructure Act) may be necessary to enforce higher security/resilience standards.
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Lessons Learned: Heavy reliance on a few cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) creates single points of failure., Vendor lock-in traps customers due to complex data architectures and high egress costs., Geopolitical/regulatory risks arise from US-based providers subject to US laws, complicating international compliance (e.g., Australia’s Privacy Act)., Cloud providers hold significant control over service access and censorship.
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Lessons Learned: Importance of robust token management in cloud desktop environments., Critical need for timely software updates in shared/multi-user systems., Proactive communication with users during vulnerability disclosures.
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Lessons Learned: Attackers are evolving tactics to abuse legitimate cloud services (e.g., encryption/key management) as perimeter defenses improve., Organizations must monitor cloud-native security controls beyond traditional perimeter protections.
What recommendations were made to prevent future incidents ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Recommendations: Implement social engineering training programs
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Recommendations: Implement stricter data privacy policies and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Recommendations: Review authorized devices, Change account password, Enable two-factor authenticationReview authorized devices, Change account password, Enable two-factor authenticationReview authorized devices, Change account password, Enable two-factor authentication
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Recommendations: Upgrade to version 5.2.2 immediately, Prioritize updating in shared computing environmentsUpgrade to version 5.2.2 immediately, Prioritize updating in shared computing environments
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Recommendations: Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets., AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified.Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets., AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified.Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets., AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified.Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets., AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified.Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets., AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified.
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Recommendations: Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools.Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools.Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools.Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools.Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools.
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Recommendations: Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards.Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards.Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards.Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards.Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards.
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Recommendations: Mitigate risks by diversifying cloud providers or adopting multi-cloud strategies., Negotiate contracts to reduce vendor lock-in and data egress costs., Assess geopolitical/regulatory risks when selecting cloud providers., Implement redundancy and backup systems to minimize downtime impact.Mitigate risks by diversifying cloud providers or adopting multi-cloud strategies., Negotiate contracts to reduce vendor lock-in and data egress costs., Assess geopolitical/regulatory risks when selecting cloud providers., Implement redundancy and backup systems to minimize downtime impact.Mitigate risks by diversifying cloud providers or adopting multi-cloud strategies., Negotiate contracts to reduce vendor lock-in and data egress costs., Assess geopolitical/regulatory risks when selecting cloud providers., Implement redundancy and backup systems to minimize downtime impact.Mitigate risks by diversifying cloud providers or adopting multi-cloud strategies., Negotiate contracts to reduce vendor lock-in and data egress costs., Assess geopolitical/regulatory risks when selecting cloud providers., Implement redundancy and backup systems to minimize downtime impact.
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Recommendations: Immediately upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or later., Monitor shared/multi-user Linux environments for unauthorized WorkSpace access., Implement least-privilege principles for local user permissions., Regularly audit authentication token handling in virtual desktop solutions.Immediately upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or later., Monitor shared/multi-user Linux environments for unauthorized WorkSpace access., Implement least-privilege principles for local user permissions., Regularly audit authentication token handling in virtual desktop solutions.Immediately upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or later., Monitor shared/multi-user Linux environments for unauthorized WorkSpace access., Implement least-privilege principles for local user permissions., Regularly audit authentication token handling in virtual desktop solutions.Immediately upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or later., Monitor shared/multi-user Linux environments for unauthorized WorkSpace access., Implement least-privilege principles for local user permissions., Regularly audit authentication token handling in virtual desktop solutions.
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Recommendations: Implement strict access controls and encryption key management policies for S3 buckets., Monitor for unusual key rotation or encryption activities in cloud environments., Adopt zero-trust principles for cloud storage services., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations for misconfigurations.Implement strict access controls and encryption key management policies for S3 buckets., Monitor for unusual key rotation or encryption activities in cloud environments., Adopt zero-trust principles for cloud storage services., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations for misconfigurations.Implement strict access controls and encryption key management policies for S3 buckets., Monitor for unusual key rotation or encryption activities in cloud environments., Adopt zero-trust principles for cloud storage services., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations for misconfigurations.Implement strict access controls and encryption key management policies for S3 buckets., Monitor for unusual key rotation or encryption activities in cloud environments., Adopt zero-trust principles for cloud storage services., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations for misconfigurations.
What are the key lessons learned from past incidents ?
Key Lessons Learned: The key lessons learned from past incidents are Importance of social engineering training for employeesThe need for clear user consent and transparency in data collection practices.Importance of responsible security research and prompt patchingOver-reliance on automated security tools (e.g., Trusted Advisor) can create blind spots if their detection mechanisms are bypassable.,Complex IAM/bucket policies increase the risk of misconfigurations that may not be caught by standard checks.,Proactive manual reviews and third-party tools are critical for validating cloud security postures.,Customer notifications for security issues must be comprehensive and clear about risks.Exposed Docker APIs on cloud instances are a significant attack vector for DDoS campaigns.,Threat actors are industrializing cybercrime with user-friendly tools (e.g., APIs, dashboards) for DDoS attacks.,Misconfigurations in cloud-native environments (e.g., AWS EC2) can serve as launchpads for broader attacks.,Building malicious containers on victim machines may reduce forensic evidence compared to importing prebuilt images.Overreliance on legacy technologies (e.g., DNS) poses systemic risks in cloud-era demands.,Highly concentrated risk in single providers (e.g., AWS) can disrupt global operations akin to cyber attacks.,Need for fortified cloud resilience and redundancy to mitigate ripple effects on digital economies.,Government intervention (e.g., Singapore's Digital Infrastructure Act) may be necessary to enforce higher security/resilience standards.Heavy reliance on a few cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) creates single points of failure.,Vendor lock-in traps customers due to complex data architectures and high egress costs.,Geopolitical/regulatory risks arise from US-based providers subject to US laws, complicating international compliance (e.g., Australia’s Privacy Act).,Cloud providers hold significant control over service access and censorship.Importance of robust token management in cloud desktop environments.,Critical need for timely software updates in shared/multi-user systems.,Proactive communication with users during vulnerability disclosures.Attackers are evolving tactics to abuse legitimate cloud services (e.g., encryption/key management) as perimeter defenses improve.,Organizations must monitor cloud-native security controls beyond traditional perimeter protections.
What recommendations has the company implemented to improve cybersecurity ?
Implemented Recommendations: The company has implemented the following recommendations to improve cybersecurity: Implement stricter data privacy policies and ensure compliance with relevant regulations. and Implement social engineering training programs.
References
Where can I find more information about each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach TWI19174123
Source: Video Games Chronicle
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Source: webXray
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA000082124
Source: Security firm Miggo
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Source: BleepingComputer
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Source: AWS
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Source: Help Net Security
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Source: Fog Security Research
Incident : Data Breach WHO631090125
Source: California Office of the Attorney General
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Source: Darktrace Blog Post
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Source: Shane Barney, CISO at Keeper Security
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Source: The Straits Times (ST)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Source: AWS Status Page
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Source: Keeper Security (Darren Guccione, CEO)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Source: Forrester (Brent Ellis, Principal Analyst)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Source: The Conversation
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Source: AWS Security Bulletin AWS-2025-025
Date Accessed: 2025-11-05
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Source: Amazon WorkSpaces Client Download Page
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Source: Trend Micro Report
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Source: Sysdig (Crystal Morin, Senior Cybersecurity Strategist)
Where can stakeholders find additional resources on cybersecurity best practices ?
Additional Resources: Stakeholders can find additional resources on cybersecurity best practices at and Source: Video Games Chronicle, and Source: webXray, and Source: Security firm Miggo, and Source: BleepingComputer, and Source: AWS, and Source: Help Net Security, and Source: Fog Security Research, and Source: California Office of the Attorney General, and Source: Darktrace Blog Post, and Source: Shane Barney, CISO at Keeper Security, and Source: The Straits Times (ST), and Source: DowndetectorUrl: https://downdetector.com, and Source: AWS Status PageUrl: https://status.aws.amazon.com, and Source: Keeper Security (Darren Guccione, CEO), and Source: Forrester (Brent Ellis, Principal Analyst), and Source: The Conversation, and Source: AWS Security Bulletin AWS-2025-025Date Accessed: 2025-11-05, and Source: Amazon WorkSpaces Client Download Page, and Source: Trend Micro Report, and Source: Sysdig (Crystal Morin, Senior Cybersecurity Strategist).
Investigation Status
What is the current status of the investigation for each incident ?
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Investigation Status: Ongoing
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Investigation Status: Resolved (fix implemented by AWS in June 2025)
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Investigation Status: Ongoing (Darktrace Honeypots Active)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Investigation Status: Ongoing (AWS to release detailed post-event summary; no timeline provided)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Investigation Status: Resolved (underlying issue fixed, but some disruptions persisted)
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Investigation Status: Resolved (Patch Available)
How does the company communicate the status of incident investigations to stakeholders ?
Communication of Investigation Status: The company communicates the status of incident investigations to stakeholders through Public demand for social engineering training, Ring Posted On Facebook And Updated Its Status Page, Aws Sent Emails To Customers (Though Coverage May Be Incomplete), Public Disclosure Via Cybersecurity News Outlets (E.G., Help Net Security), Public disclosure via California Office of the Attorney General, Public acknowledgment via AWS status website; spokeswoman provided updates to media (no detailed timeline for post-event summary), Security Bulletin, Direct Outreach Via [email protected] and Public Advisory.
Stakeholder and Customer Advisories
Were there any advisories issued to stakeholders or customers for each incident ?
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Customer Advisories: Ring users should review authorized devices from the app's Control Center > Authorized Client Devices section. If any devices or logins are not recognized, they should be removed immediately.
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Stakeholder Advisories: AWS sent emails to customers (potentially incomplete); public disclosure via cybersecurity media.
Customer Advisories: Enable Block Public Access Settings.Review and retire ACLs in favor of IAM policies.Scan S3 buckets for unintended public exposure using tools like Fog Security’s open-source scanner.
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Customer Advisories: AWS acknowledged service disruptions via status page; no specific customer advisories mentioned.
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Stakeholder Advisories: Aws-2025-025 Security Bulletin.
Customer Advisories: Upgrade to version 2025.0 immediately; contact [email protected] for concerns
What advisories does the company provide to stakeholders and customers following an incident ?
Advisories Provided: The company provides the following advisories to stakeholders and customers following an incident: were Ring Users Should Review Authorized Devices From The App'S Control Center > Authorized Client Devices Section. If Any Devices Or Logins Are Not Recognized, They Should Be Removed Immediately., , AWS sent emails to customers (potentially incomplete); public disclosure via cybersecurity media., Enable Block Public Access Settings., Review And Retire Acls In Favor Of Iam Policies., Scan S3 Buckets For Unintended Public Exposure Using Tools Like Fog Security’S Open-Source Scanner., , AWS acknowledged service disruptions via status page; no specific customer advisories mentioned., Aws-2025-025 Security Bulletin, Upgrade To Version 2025.0 Immediately; Contact [email protected] For Concerns and .
Initial Access Broker
How did the initial access broker gain entry for each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Entry Point: Email
Incident : Data Breach RIN01518622
Entry Point: Security flaw in Neighbors app
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Entry Point: OpenSSL configuration file path
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Entry Point: Exposed Docker Api On Aws Ec2,
High Value Targets: Aws Ec2 Instances With Docker,
Data Sold on Dark Web: Aws Ec2 Instances With Docker,
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Entry Point: Misconfigured S3 Buckets, Compromised Cloud Credentials,
High Value Targets: S3 Buckets With Critical/Sensitive Data,
Data Sold on Dark Web: S3 Buckets With Critical/Sensitive Data,
Post-Incident Analysis
What were the root causes and corrective actions taken for each incident ?
Incident : Data Breach AMA0417522
Root Causes: Lack of social engineering awareness
Corrective Actions: Implement social engineering training
Incident : Data Breach TWI19174123
Root Causes: Error in server configuration change
Incident : Data Exposure AMA350181223
Root Causes: Misconfigured S3 Bucket,
Corrective Actions: Removed The S3 Bucket,
Incident : Privacy Violation AMA000072524
Root Causes: Lack of clear user consent and transparency in data collection.
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA000082124
Root Causes: Misconfiguration of AWS Application Load Balancer Authentication
Incident : Bug/Exploit RIN709072225
Root Causes: Backend Update Bug
Incident : Vulnerability Exploitation AMA353072525
Root Causes: Design flaw in the AWS Client VPN client installation process on Windows systems
Corrective Actions: Patch The Vulnerability By Upgrading To Version 5.2.2,
Incident : Misconfiguration AMA505082225
Root Causes: Trusted Advisor’S Inability To Detect Public Bucket Status When Specific `Deny` Policies Block Its Checks (`S3:Getbucketpolicystatus`, `S3:Getbucketpublicaccessblock`, `S3:Getbucketacl`)., Overlap Between Legacy Acls And Modern Bucket Policies Creating Confusion And Misconfiguration Risks., Lack Of Redundant Validation Mechanisms To Cross-Check Bucket Exposure Status.,
Corrective Actions: Aws Updated Trusted Advisor To Bypass Or Account For `Deny` Policies That Previously Blocked Its Checks., Customer Guidance Issued To Enforce Block Public Access And Migrate From Acls To Iam Policies., Open-Source Tool Provided By Fog Security To Help Customers Audit S3 Configurations.,
Incident : DDoS Attack AMA4092640092325
Root Causes: Misconfigured Docker Daemons Exposed To The Internet., Lack Of Access Controls For Docker Apis On Cloud Instances., Default Docker Settings Not Hardened For Production Environments.,
Corrective Actions: Secure Docker Apis By Default, Restricting External Access., Enforce Least-Privilege Principles For Cloud Instance Configurations., Deploy Behavioral Detection For Containerized Environments.,
Incident : Service Disruption AMA0232202102125
Root Causes: Pending AWS's detailed summary (potential causes: hardware error, misconfiguration, human error, or unforeseen DNS subsystem failures)
Corrective Actions: Pending AWS's detailed summary (known actions: DNS resolution fixes, load balancer subsystem repairs, traffic backlog clearance)
Incident : Service Disruption AMA1902119102225
Root Causes: Malfunction At Aws Data Center In Northern Virginia (Likely A Configuration Error),
Corrective Actions: Technical Fix Applied; No Further Details Provided,
Incident : Vulnerability AMA0162101110725
Root Causes: Improper Handling Of Authentication Tokens In Dcv-Based Workspaces, Insecure Token Storage Accessible To Local Users,
Corrective Actions: Token Management Overhaul In Version 2025.0, Enhanced Access Controls For Multi-User Environments,
Incident : ransomware AMA5032150112125
Root Causes: Over-Reliance On Perimeter Defenses Without Monitoring Cloud-Native Services., Misconfigured Or Weakly Managed Encryption Keys In S3 Buckets., Lack Of Visibility Into Cloud-Specific Attack Vectors (E.G., Key Rotation Abuse).,
Corrective Actions: Enhance Logging And Monitoring For Cloud Encryption/Key Management Services., Enforce Least-Privilege Access For S3 Buckets And Associated Keys., Conduct Red-Team Exercises Simulating Cloud-Native Ransomware Scenarios.,
What is the company's process for conducting post-incident analysis ?
Post-Incident Analysis Process: The company's process for conducting post-incident analysis is described as Fog Security (Researchers Who Discovered The Issue), , Darktrace (Detection And Analysis), , Darktrace Honeypots For Detection, , Cloud-Native Security Tools For Encryption/Key Management Anomalies, .
What corrective actions has the company taken based on post-incident analysis ?
Corrective Actions Taken: The company has taken the following corrective actions based on post-incident analysis: Implement social engineering training, Removed The S3 Bucket, , Patch The Vulnerability By Upgrading To Version 5.2.2, , Aws Updated Trusted Advisor To Bypass Or Account For `Deny` Policies That Previously Blocked Its Checks., Customer Guidance Issued To Enforce Block Public Access And Migrate From Acls To Iam Policies., Open-Source Tool Provided By Fog Security To Help Customers Audit S3 Configurations., , Secure Docker Apis By Default, Restricting External Access., Enforce Least-Privilege Principles For Cloud Instance Configurations., Deploy Behavioral Detection For Containerized Environments., , Pending AWS's detailed summary (known actions: DNS resolution fixes, load balancer subsystem repairs, traffic backlog clearance), Technical Fix Applied; No Further Details Provided, , Token Management Overhaul In Version 2025.0, Enhanced Access Controls For Multi-User Environments, , Enhance Logging And Monitoring For Cloud Encryption/Key Management Services., Enforce Least-Privilege Access For S3 Buckets And Associated Keys., Conduct Red-Team Exercises Simulating Cloud-Native Ransomware Scenarios., .
Additional Questions
General Information
Who was the attacking group in the last incident ?
Last Attacking Group: The attacking group in the last incident were an Unknown, Hackers, Ring Employees, Employees, Anonymous Hacker, Unknown, Thieves, Malicious Insiders (e.g., disgruntled employees)External Attackers with Compromised CredentialsAccidental Misconfiguration by Legitimate Users and ShadowV2.
Incident Details
What was the most recent incident detected ?
Most Recent Incident Detected: The most recent incident detected was on 2023-05-28.
What was the most recent incident publicly disclosed ?
Most Recent Incident Publicly Disclosed: The most recent incident publicly disclosed was on 2025-11-05.
What was the most recent incident resolved ?
Most Recent Incident Resolved: The most recent incident resolved was on 2025-06.
Impact of the Incidents
What was the most significant data compromised in an incident ?
Most Significant Data Compromised: The most significant data compromised in an incident were Credit Card Details, Address, Other Personal Information, , Home addresses, Latitude and longitude, User account passwords, , Video Data, Email Addresses, Phone Numbers, , Source code, Clients information, Unreleased games, , Login Emails, Passwords, Time Zones, Camera Names, Home Address, Phone Number, Payment Information, , Payment Card Information, , ID scans, Personal Information, , User data and browsing habits, Potential exposure of sensitive data in publicly accessible S3 buckets (scope depends on bucket contents), Payment card information, , Authentication Tokens, Potential WorkSpace Session Access and .
What was the most significant system affected in an incident ?
Most Significant System Affected: The most significant system affected in an incident were Ring Cameras and Payment Card Systems and Amazon S3 Bucket and and Windows devices running affected versions of AWS Client VPN and AWS S3 BucketsTrusted Advisor Security Checks and AWS EC2 Instances with Exposed Docker APIsVictim Containers and DNS infrastructureNetwork load balancersMultiple AWS services in US-East-1 and Cloud servicesBanking platformsFinancial software (e.g., Xero)Social media (e.g., Snapchat) and Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux (versions 2023.0–2024.8) and AWS S3 buckets.
Response to the Incidents
What third-party assistance was involved in the most recent incident ?
Third-Party Assistance in Most Recent Incident: The third-party assistance involved in the most recent incident was fog security (researchers who discovered the issue), , darktrace (detection and analysis), .
What containment measures were taken in the most recent incident ?
Containment Measures in Most Recent Incident: The containment measures taken in the most recent incident were Removed the S3 bucket, Upgrade to version 5.2.2, AWS implemented fixes to Trusted Advisor in June 2025 to correctly detect misconfigured bucketsEmails sent to customers notifying them of the issue and fixes, Resolved DNS resolution issuesAddressed impairments in internal subsystem for network load balancer health monitoring, Technical fix applied to data center malfunction and Urgent Security Bulletin (AWS-2025-025)End-of-Support Notification for Affected Versions.
Data Breach Information
What was the most sensitive data compromised in a breach ?
Most Sensitive Data Compromised: The most sensitive data compromised in a breach were Address, User account passwords, Phone Numbers, Camera Names, ID scans, Latitude and longitude, Email Addresses, Payment Information, Other Personal Information, Unreleased games, Credit Card Details, Potential exposure of sensitive data in publicly accessible S3 buckets (scope depends on bucket contents), Home Address, Personal Information, Home addresses, Source code, Authentication Tokens, Video Data, Phone Number, Passwords, User data and browsing habits, Login Emails, Clients information, Time Zones, Payment card information, Payment Card Information and Potential WorkSpace Session Access.
What was the number of records exposed in the most significant breach ?
Number of Records Exposed in Most Significant Breach: The number of records exposed in the most significant breach was 119.5K.
Lessons Learned and Recommendations
What was the most significant lesson learned from past incidents ?
Most Significant Lesson Learned: The most significant lesson learned from past incidents was Organizations must monitor cloud-native security controls beyond traditional perimeter protections.
What was the most significant recommendation implemented to improve cybersecurity ?
Most Significant Recommendation Implemented: The most significant recommendation implemented to improve cybersecurity was Enhance transparency in post-incident disclosures (e.g., timely root cause analysis)., Assess geopolitical/regulatory risks when selecting cloud providers., Implement redundancy and backup systems to minimize downtime impact., Prioritize updating in shared computing environments, AWS should improve the clarity and reach of security advisories to ensure all affected customers are notified., Use behavioral detection tools (e.g., Darktrace) to identify anomalous container activity., Modernize DNS and critical infrastructure to meet cloud-era demands., Change account password, Monitor shared/multi-user Linux environments for unauthorized WorkSpace access., Implement social engineering training programs, Disable external access to Docker daemons unless absolutely necessary., Diversify cloud dependencies to reduce single points of failure., Review authorized devices, Monitor for unauthorized use of Docker SDK or container deployment tools., Strengthen collaboration between cloud providers and regulators to improve resilience standards., Monitor for unusual key rotation or encryption activities in cloud environments., Enable two-factor authentication, Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations using AWS tools and third-party scanners (e.g., Fog Security’s open-source tool)., Enable AWS Block Public Access Settings at both account and bucket levels., Replace legacy ACLs with IAM policies for finer-grained access control., Implement strict access controls and encryption key management policies for S3 buckets., Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms for core services like DNS and load balancers., Negotiate contracts to reduce vendor lock-in and data egress costs., Adopt zero-trust principles for cloud storage services., Implement stricter data privacy policies and ensure compliance with relevant regulations., Implement least-privilege principles for local user permissions., Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from compromised containers., Regularly audit S3 bucket configurations for misconfigurations., Mitigate risks by diversifying cloud providers or adopting multi-cloud strategies., Regularly audit authentication token handling in virtual desktop solutions., Regularly audit cloud configurations (e.g., AWS EC2) for exposed services., Immediately upgrade to Amazon WorkSpaces client for Linux version 2025.0 or later., Monitor for unusual access patterns or policy changes in S3 buckets. and Upgrade to version 5.2.2 immediately.
References
What is the most recent source of information about an incident ?
Most Recent Source: The most recent source of information about an incident are AWS Status Page, AWS Security Bulletin AWS-2025-025, Help Net Security, webXray, The Straits Times (ST), AWS, California Office of the Attorney General, BleepingComputer, Forrester (Brent Ellis, Principal Analyst), Amazon WorkSpaces Client Download Page, Shane Barney, CISO at Keeper Security, Trend Micro Report, Downdetector, Fog Security Research, Keeper Security (Darren Guccione, CEO), Sysdig (Crystal Morin, Senior Cybersecurity Strategist), Security firm Miggo, The Conversation, Video Games Chronicle and Darktrace Blog Post.
What is the most recent URL for additional resources on cybersecurity best practices ?
Most Recent URL for Additional Resources: The most recent URL for additional resources on cybersecurity best practices is https://downdetector.com, https://status.aws.amazon.com .
Investigation Status
What is the current status of the most recent investigation ?
Current Status of Most Recent Investigation: The current status of the most recent investigation is Ongoing.
Stakeholder and Customer Advisories
What was the most recent stakeholder advisory issued ?
Most Recent Stakeholder Advisory: The most recent stakeholder advisory issued was AWS sent emails to customers (potentially incomplete); public disclosure via cybersecurity media., AWS-2025-025 Security Bulletin, .
What was the most recent customer advisory issued ?
Most Recent Customer Advisory: The most recent customer advisory issued were an Ring users should review authorized devices from the app's Control Center > Authorized Client Devices section. If any devices or logins are not recognized, they should be removed immediately., Enable Block Public Access Settings.Review and retire ACLs in favor of IAM policies.Scan S3 buckets for unintended public exposure using tools like Fog Security’s open-source scanner., AWS acknowledged service disruptions via status page; no specific customer advisories mentioned. and Upgrade to version 2025.0 immediately; contact [email protected] for concerns.
Initial Access Broker
What was the most recent entry point used by an initial access broker ?
Most Recent Entry Point: The most recent entry point used by an initial access broker were an OpenSSL configuration file path, Security flaw in Neighbors app and Email.
Post-Incident Analysis
What was the most significant root cause identified in post-incident analysis ?
Most Significant Root Cause: The most significant root cause identified in post-incident analysis was Lack of social engineering awareness, Error in server configuration change, Misconfigured S3 Bucket, Lack of clear user consent and transparency in data collection., Misconfiguration of AWS Application Load Balancer Authentication, Backend Update Bug, Design flaw in the AWS Client VPN client installation process on Windows systems, Trusted Advisor’s inability to detect public bucket status when specific `Deny` policies block its checks (`s3:GetBucketPolicyStatus`, `s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock`, `s3:GetBucketAcl`).Overlap between legacy ACLs and modern bucket policies creating confusion and misconfiguration risks.Lack of redundant validation mechanisms to cross-check bucket exposure status., Misconfigured Docker daemons exposed to the internet.Lack of access controls for Docker APIs on cloud instances.Default Docker settings not hardened for production environments., Pending AWS's detailed summary (potential causes: hardware error, misconfiguration, human error, or unforeseen DNS subsystem failures), Malfunction at AWS data center in Northern Virginia (likely a configuration error), Improper handling of authentication tokens in DCV-based WorkSpacesInsecure token storage accessible to local users, Over-reliance on perimeter defenses without monitoring cloud-native services.Misconfigured or weakly managed encryption keys in S3 buckets.Lack of visibility into cloud-specific attack vectors (e.g., key rotation abuse)..
What was the most significant corrective action taken based on post-incident analysis ?
Most Significant Corrective Action: The most significant corrective action taken based on post-incident analysis was Implement social engineering training, Removed the S3 bucket, Patch the vulnerability by upgrading to version 5.2.2, AWS updated Trusted Advisor to bypass or account for `Deny` policies that previously blocked its checks.Customer guidance issued to enforce Block Public Access and migrate from ACLs to IAM policies.Open-source tool provided by Fog Security to help customers audit S3 configurations., Secure Docker APIs by default, restricting external access.Enforce least-privilege principles for cloud instance configurations.Deploy behavioral detection for containerized environments., Pending AWS's detailed summary (known actions: DNS resolution fixes, load balancer subsystem repairs, traffic backlog clearance), Technical fix applied; no further details provided, Token management overhaul in version 2025.0Enhanced access controls for multi-user environments, Enhance logging and monitoring for cloud encryption/key management services.Enforce least-privilege access for S3 buckets and associated keys.Conduct red-team exercises simulating cloud-native ransomware scenarios..
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Latest Global CVEs (Not Company-Specific)
Description
ThingsBoard in versions prior to v4.2.1 allows an authenticated user to upload malicious SVG images via the "Image Gallery", leading to a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. The exploit can be triggered when any user accesses the public API endpoint of the malicious SVG images, or if the malicious images are embedded in an `iframe` element, during a widget creation, deployed to any page of the platform (e.g., dashboards), and accessed during normal operations. The vulnerability resides in the `ImageController`, which fails to restrict the execution of JavaScript code when an image is loaded by the user's browser. This vulnerability can lead to the execution of malicious code in the context of other users' sessions, potentially compromising their accounts and allowing unauthorized actions.
Risk Information
cvss4
Base: 6.2
Severity: LOW
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Description
Mattermost versions 11.0.x <= 11.0.2, 10.12.x <= 10.12.1, 10.11.x <= 10.11.4, 10.5.x <= 10.5.12 fail to to verify that the token used during the code exchange originates from the same authentication flow, which allows an authenticated user to perform account takeover via a specially crafted email address used when switching authentication methods and sending a request to the /users/login/sso/code-exchange endpoint. The vulnerability requires ExperimentalEnableAuthenticationTransfer to be enabled (default: enabled) and RequireEmailVerification to be disabled (default: disabled).
Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 9.9
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
References
Description
Mattermost versions 11.0.x <= 11.0.2, 10.12.x <= 10.12.1, 10.11.x <= 10.11.4, 10.5.x <= 10.5.12 fail to sanitize team email addresses to be visible only to Team Admins, which allows any authenticated user to view team email addresses via the GET /api/v4/channels/{channel_id}/common_teams endpoint
Risk Information
cvss3
Base: 4.3
Severity: LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
References
Description
Exposure of email service credentials to users without administrative rights in Devolutions Server.This issue affects Devolutions Server: before 2025.2.21, before 2025.3.9.
Description
Exposure of credentials in unintended requests in Devolutions Server.This issue affects Server: through 2025.2.20, through 2025.3.8.
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