Iberia Express Breach Incident Score: Analysis & Impact (IBE5015650112525)

In this Rankiteo incident briefing, we review the Iberia Express breach identified under incident ID IBE5015650112525.

The analysis begins with a detailed overview of Iberia Express's information like the linkedin page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/iberia-express, the number of followers: 92462, the industry type: Airlines and Aviation and the number of employees: 634 employees

After the initial compromise, the video explains how Rankiteo's incident engine converts technical details into a normalized incident score. The incident score before the incident was 705 and after the incident was 641 with a difference of -64 which is could be a good indicator of the severity and impact of the incident.

In the next step of the video, we will analyze in more details the incident and the impact it had on Iberia Express and their customers.

On 23 November 2025, Iberia Airlines disclosed Data Breach and Supply Chain Attack issues under the banner "Iberia Airlines Data Breach via Third-Party Supplier".

Spanish airline Iberia, part of the International Airlines Group (IAG), disclosed a significant data breach on November 23, 2025, originating from a compromised third-party supplier.

The disruption is felt across the environment, affecting Third-Party Supplier Systems and Potentially Shared CRM/Booking Platforms, and exposing Customer Names, Email Addresses and Loyalty Program Details (Iberia Plus tier statuses, point balances, travel histories).

In response, teams activated the incident response plan, moved swiftly to contain the threat with measures like Isolation of Affected Systems and Dark Web Monitoring for Data Leaks, and began remediation that includes Forensic Investigation and Supplier Security Audit, while recovery efforts such as Customer Notifications and Free Credit Monitoring for Affected Individuals continue, and stakeholders are being briefed through Prompt Public Disclosure and Customer Advisories (password changes, account monitoring).

The case underscores how Ongoing (forensic investigation, regulatory inquiries by EU/Spain), teams are taking away lessons such as Supply chain vulnerabilities are critical attack vectors in aviation, Outdated vendor security protocols can cascade risks across interconnected systems and Proactive dark web monitoring can accelerate breach detection, and recommending next steps like Enforce mandatory security certifications for all third-party vendors, Implement zero-trust frameworks and multi-factor authentication (MFA) and Conduct regular penetration testing and AI-driven threat detection, with advisories going out to stakeholders covering Customers advised to enable two-factor authentication and monitor accounts.

Finally, we try to match the incident with the MITRE ATT&CK framework to see if there is any correlation between the incident and the MITRE ATT&CK framework.

The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a knowledge base of techniques and sub-techniques that are used to describe the tactics and procedures of cyber adversaries. It is a powerful tool for understanding the threat landscape and for developing effective defense strategies.

Rankiteo's analysis has identified several MITRE ATT&CK tactics and techniques associated with this incident, each with varying levels of confidence based on available evidence. Under the Initial Access tactic, the analysis identified Supply Chain Compromise: Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools (T1195.002) with high confidence (95%), supported by evidence indicating third-party supplier systems compromised as initial entry point and Valid Accounts: Cloud Accounts (T1078.004) with moderate to high confidence (85%), supported by evidence indicating misconfigured Cloud Storage (speculated), Inadequate Access Controls (speculated). Under the Persistence tactic, the analysis identified Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Credentials (T1098.003) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating potential Configuration Flaws in Shared Platforms (e.g., Salesforce-like systems). Under the Credential Access tactic, the analysis identified Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files (T1552.001) with moderate to high confidence (85%), supported by evidence indicating internal Certificates exposed in 77GB breach, suggesting credential material in files. Under the Discovery tactic, the analysis identified System Information Discovery (T1082) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating exfiltration of aircraft maintenance files, engine specifications implies reconnaissance of high-value systems and File and Directory Discovery (T1083) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating 77GB of structured data (PDFs, databases, certificates) suggests systematic directory enumeration. Under the Collection tactic, the analysis identified Data from Local System (T1005) with high confidence (95%), supported by evidence indicating customer Databases, PDF/Technical Manuals, Internal Certificates exfiltrated from vendor systems and Data from Shared Network Drives (T1213.002) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating shared CRM/Booking Platforms likely hosted sensitive data in network-accessible locations. Under the Exfiltration tactic, the analysis identified Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol: Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol (T1048.003) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating 77GB of data advertised on dark web; no ransomware encryption mentioned and Exfiltration to Cloud Storage: Exfiltration to Code Repository (T1567.002) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating misconfigured Cloud Storage speculated as vector; dark web forums often use cloud/repo links for data sales. Under the Impact tactic, the analysis identified Gather Victim Identity Information: Email Addresses (T1589.002) with high confidence (95%), supported by evidence indicating email Addresses and Loyalty Program Details exposed for phishing/identity theft and Malicious Data Sale (T1659) with high confidence (100%), supported by evidence indicating threat actor advertised the stolen data on dark web forums for $150,000. Under the Defense Evasion tactic, the analysis identified Indicator Removal: File Deletion (T1070.004) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating no logs or detection timelines mentioned; date detected such as null suggests potential log tampering and Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (T1562.001) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating outdated Security Protocols (vendor) implies disabled/modified monitoring or EDR tools. Under the Lateral Movement tactic, the analysis identified Remote Services: Windows Admin Shares (T1021.006) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating shared CRM/Booking Platforms access suggests lateral movement via admin shares or RDP. These correlations help security teams understand the attack chain and develop appropriate defensive measures based on the observed tactics and techniques.