JLR Breach Incident Score: Analysis & Impact (JAG1593115111725)

In this Rankiteo incident briefing, we review the JLR breach identified under incident ID JAG1593115111725.

The analysis begins with a detailed overview of JLR's information like the linkedin page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/tata-consultancy-services, the number of followers: 1298515, the industry type: Motor Vehicle Manufacturing and the number of employees: 41687 employees

After the initial compromise, the video explains how Rankiteo's incident engine converts technical details into a normalized incident score. The incident score before the incident was 825 and after the incident was 825 with a difference of 0 which is could be a good indicator of the severity and impact of the incident.

In the next step of the video, we will analyze in more details the incident and the impact it had on JLR and their customers.

Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) recently reported "Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) Cyberattack and Data Breach (2025)", a noteworthy cybersecurity incident.

A severe cyberattack on Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), owned by Tata Motors, disrupted global production, supply chains, and potentially exposed customer data.

The disruption is felt across the environment, affecting IT systems, production facilities and supply chain operations, and exposing potential customer data exposure (under investigation), plus an estimated financial loss of $2.4 billion (total); $1.3 billion (production losses).

In response, teams activated the incident response plan, moved swiftly to contain the threat with measures like immediate IT system shutdown, facility closures and staff sent home, and began remediation that includes phased restart of manufacturing (late September 2025) and cybersecurity bolstering, while recovery efforts such as operational restoration efforts and supply chain stabilization continue, and stakeholders are being briefed through regulatory disclosures (November 14, 2025) and public statements by Group CFO PB Balaji.

The case underscores how ongoing (data breach assessment and root cause analysis), teams are taking away lessons such as Vulnerabilities in interconnected smart factory systems require robust isolation capabilities, Outsourced cybersecurity introduces significant risks without proper oversight and Supply chain dependencies amplify the impact of cyber incidents, and recommending next steps like Invest in internal cybersecurity expertise to reduce third-party dependencies, Implement network segmentation to contain future breaches and Enhance monitoring for early threat detection in smart manufacturing environments, with advisories going out to stakeholders covering regulatory disclosures and public statements on recovery progress.

Finally, we try to match the incident with the MITRE ATT&CK framework to see if there is any correlation between the incident and the MITRE ATT&CK framework.

The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a knowledge base of techniques and sub-techniques that are used to describe the tactics and procedures of cyber adversaries. It is a powerful tool for understanding the threat landscape and for developing effective defense strategies.

Rankiteo's analysis has identified several MITRE ATT&CK tactics and techniques associated with this incident, each with varying levels of confidence based on available evidence. Under the Initial Access tactic, the analysis identified Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) with moderate to high confidence (85%), supported by evidence indicating iT system compromise, smart factory integrations vulnerabilities exploited and Valid Accounts: Local Accounts (T1078.003) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating outsourced cybersecurity vulnerabilities may imply credential misuse. Under the Execution tactic, the analysis identified Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating iT system compromise likely involved script-based execution in smart factories. Under the Lateral Movement tactic, the analysis identified Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol (T1021.001) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating interconnected manufacturing systems suggests lateral movement via remote services. Under the Impact tactic, the analysis identified Data Encrypted for Impact (T1486) with moderate confidence (65%), supported by evidence indicating immediate shutdown of IT systems *could* imply encryption, though ransomware not confirmed, Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004) with high confidence (90%), supported by evidence indicating crippled global operations, halted production, IT systems shutdown, and Data Destruction (T1485) with moderate confidence (60%), supported by evidence indicating phased restarts failed to fully restore operations suggests possible data/system corruption. Under the Exfiltration tactic, the analysis identified Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol: Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol (T1048.003) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating potential customer data breach implies data exfiltration via non-standard channels. Under the Defense Evasion tactic, the analysis identified Indicator Removal: File Deletion (T1070.004) with moderate to high confidence (75%), supported by evidence indicating slow recovery and uneven restoration suggest attacker may have deleted logs/backups and Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (T1562.001) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating outsourced cybersecurity vulnerabilities exploited to bypass defenses. Under the Credential Access tactic, the analysis identified Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers (T1555.003) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating third-party cybersecurity dependencies may imply stolen credentials from shared systems. Under the Persistence tactic, the analysis identified Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (T1053.005) with moderate to high confidence (70%), supported by evidence indicating weeks of downtime and uneven recovery suggest persistent foothold via scheduled tasks. Under the Command and Control tactic, the analysis identified Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols (T1071.001) with moderate to high confidence (80%), supported by evidence indicating smart factory integrations likely leveraged HTTP/HTTPS for C2 in connected environments. These correlations help security teams understand the attack chain and develop appropriate defensive measures based on the observed tactics and techniques.